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AP Seminar Vocab.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ethos | refers to the writer’s appeal–everything that makes the audience consider the writer persuasive, esp. credibility |
| Logos | appealing to logic and reasoning |
| Pathos | appeals to the emotions |
| Argument | A claim or thesis that conveys a perspective developed through a line of reasoning and supported by evidence |
| Assumption | A belief regarded as true and often unstated |
| Author | One who creates a work (e.g., article; research study; foundational, literary, or philosophical text; speech, broadcast, or personal account; artistic work or performance) that conveys a perspective and can be examined |
| Bias | A personal opinion, belief, or value that may influence one's judgment, perspective, or claim |
| Claim/Thesis | A statement made about an issue that asserts a perspective |
| Commentary | Discussion and analysis of evidence in relation to the claim which may identify patterns, describe trends, and/or explain relationships |
| Complex Issue | Issue involving many facets or perspectives that must be understood in order to address it |
| Context | The intent, audience, purpose, bias, situatedness, and/or background (larger environment) of a source or reference |
| Conventions | The stylistic features of writing (e.g., grammar, usage, mechanics) |
| Credibility | The degree to which a source is believable and trustworthy |
| Deductive Reasoning | A type of reasoning that constructs general propositions that are supported with evidence or cases (general to specific) |
| Evidence | Information (e.g., data, quotations, excerpts from texts) used as proof to support a claim or thesis |
| Inductive Reasoning | A type of reasoning that presents cases or evidence that lead to a logical conclusion (specific to general) |
| Inquiry | A process for seeking truth, information, or knowledge through a study, research investigation, or artistic endeavor/work |
| Issue | Important problem for debate or discussion |
| Lens | Filter through which an issue or topic is considered or examined |
| Limitations | A boundary or point at which an argument or generalization is no longer valid |
| Line Of Reasoning | Arrangement of claims and evidence that leads to a conclusion |
| Literature | The foundational and current texts of a field or discipline of study |
| Perspective | A point of view conveyed through an argument |
| Point Of View | A position or standpoint on a topic or issue |
| Primary Source | An original source of information about a topic (e.g., study, artifact, data set, interview, article) |
| Qualitative Data | Having to do with text, narrative, or descriptions |
| Quantitative Data | Having to do with numbers, amounts, or quantities |
| Reliability | The extent to which something can be trusted to be accurate |
| Secondary Source | A commentary about one or more primary sources that provides additional insight, opinions, and/or interpretation about the primary source data, study, or artifacts |
| Text | Something composed (e.g., articles; research studies; foundational, literary, and philosophical texts; speeches, broadcasts, and personal accounts; artistic works and performances) that conveys a perspective and can be examined |
| Tone | The way in which an author expresses an attitude about his or her topic or subject through rhetorical choices |
| Validity | The extent to which an argument or claim is logical |
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