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us history unit 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Prince Henry | During the early decades of the 15th century, _______ of Portugal, sent Portuguese ships to explore the west coast of Africa. |
| Renaissance | A period when Europe began investigating all aspects of the physical world. |
| Hierarchy | European communities based their organization on social _________, that is, according to rank. |
| Crusades | From 1096 to 1270 Europeans launched the _________, a series of military expeditions to the Middle East in the name of Christianity. |
| Reformation | This movement, known as the ___________, divided Christianity in western Europe between Catholicism and Protestantism. |
| Christopher Columbus | In January1492 the Genoese sailor ______________ stood before the Spanish court with a daring plan: he would find a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean. |
| Colonization | The European system of __________, the establishment of distant settlements controlled by the parent country, was established long before Columbus set sail for Hispaniola. |
| Columbian Exchange | This global transfer of living things, called the ___________________, began with Columbus’ first voyage and continues today. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | In the _________________ signed in 1494, Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the Western Hemisphere between them. |
| Hernando Cortes | That year ____________, led an army into the American mainland, eager to claim new lands for Spain. |
| Conquistador | These explorers, known as _______________, were conquerors lured by the prospect of vast lands filled with gold and silver. |
| Encomienda | The Spanish forced the native workers to labor within a system known as ___________, in which the natives farmed, ranched, or mined for Spanish landlords, who had received the rights to their labor for Spanish authorities. |
| Puritans | A group of _______, church members who wanted to “purify” or reform the Church of England. |
| John Winthrop | Unlike the profit-minded colonists at Jamestown, however, the Puritans emigrated in order to create a model new society, what ____________, their first governor, called a “City upon a Hill”. |
| Plymouth Colony | In 1620 a small group of families founded the _________________, the second permanent English colony in North America. |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony | In September 1630 Winthrop and the other colonists aboard the Arbella established the ____________________. |
| Pequot War | The result of the ____________ was the near destruction of the Pequot nation, ending in May 1637. |
| King Phillip’s War | The eruption of ______________ in the spring of 1675 startled the Puritans with its intensity. |
| William Penn | ___________ had frustrated his father, Admiral Sir William Penn, and joined the Quakers in 1667 at the age of 22. |
| Quakers | The __________, believed that God’s “inner light” burned inside everyone, holding services without formal ministers. |
| John Smith | ____________ craved adventure, so in 1600 at the age of 20, ____ trekked across Europe and helped Hungary fight a war against the Turks. |
| Joint Stock Company | English colonies were originally funded and maintained by ____________________, which allowed several investors to pool their wealth to support a colony in order to yield profit. |
| Headright system | The _________________ meant that anyone who paid for their own or another’s passage to Virginia received 50 acres of land, leading to more immigration. |
| Indentured Servant | To work their plantations, many owners imported ________________, from England, and were paid in exchange for passage to North America and food and shelter. |
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