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Chilean History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Masificación | mass adoption / expansion |
| Oligarquía | oligarchy |
| Cobre | copper |
| Salitre | saltpeter / nitrate |
| Aduaneros | customs officials / customs |
| Estatales | state / state-owned |
| Contribuciones | contributions / taxes |
| Burguesa | bourgeois / middle |
| Latifundistas | large landowners |
| Empresarios | businessmen / entrepreneurs |
| Fundos | estates / farms / landed estates |
| Comerciantes | merchants / traders |
| Banqueros | bankers |
| Historiadores | historians |
| Autopercepción | self |
| Internas | internal / domestic |
| Venidas | arrivals / comings |
| Integración | integration |
| Permeables | permeable / open to influence |
| Campesina | peasant / rural |
| Cosmopolita | cosmopolitan |
| Racionalista | rationalist |
| Rama | branch |
| Anticipando | anticipating / foreshadowing |
| Decadencia | decline / decadence |
| Cuadro | framework / picture / table |
| Tientamente | possibly a typo |
| Recurso | resource |
| Inaugurado | inaugurated / opened |
| Hacienda | large estate |
| Latifundio | large landed estate |
| Inquilino | tenant labourer |
| Terrateniente | landowner |
| Élite | elite |
| Clase obrera | working class |
| Proletariado | proletariat |
| Sindicato | trade union |
| Huelga | strike |
| Movimiento obrero | labour movement |
| Cuestión social | Social Question |
| Desigualdad | inequality |
| Pobreza | poverty |
| Industrialización | industrialisation |
| Urbanización | urbanisation |
| Migración | migration |
| Nacionalización | nationalisation |
| Expropiación | expropriation |
| Reforma agraria | agrarian reform / land reform |
| Golpe de Estado | coup d'état |
| Dictadura | dictatorship |
| Democracia | democracy |
| Sufragio | suffrage / right to vote |
| Constitución | constitution |
| Estado de bienestar | welfare state |
| cuestion social | social question, the severe social, economic, and living problems experienced mainly by the working classes from roughly the 1880s to the 1920s. |
| Pobreza | poverty |
| Desigualdad | inequality |
| Miseria | extreme poverty / destitution |
| Hacinamiento | overcrowding |
| Insalubridad | unsanitary conditions |
| Saneamiento | sanitation |
| Vivienda | housing |
| Conventillo | overcrowded working |
| Enfermedad | illness / disease |
| Epidemia | epidemic |
| Desnutrición | malnutrition |
| Higiene | hygiene |
| Mortalidad | mortality |
| Mortalidad infantil | infant mortality |
| Esperanza de vida | life expectancy |
| Condiciones de vida | living conditions |
| Clase trabajadora | working class |
| Sectores populares | popular / lower |
| Obrero | worker |
| Campesino | peasant / rural worker |
| Cuestión Social | Social Question |
| Movimiento obrero | labour movement |
| Proletariado | proletariat |
| Oligarquía | oligarchy |
| Élite | elite |
| Explotación | exploitation |
| Industrialización | industrialisation |
| Urbanización | urbanisation |
| Migración campo | ciudad |
| Salitrera | nitrate works / nitrate mine |
| Oficina salitrera | nitrate mining settlement |
| Jornada laboral | working day |
| Condiciones laborales | working conditions |
| Salario | wage |
| Huelga | strike |
| Sindicato | trade union |
| Sindicalismo | trade unionism |
| Reivindicación | demand / claim for rights |
| Derechos laborales | labour rights |
| Represión | repression |
| Legislación social | social legislation |
| Velorio | wake |
| Angelito | “little angel” / deceased child |
| Fallecimiento | death / passing |
| Difunto | deceased person |
| Luto | mourning |
| Duelo | grief / mourning |
| Entierro | burial / funeral |
| Ataúd | coffin |
| Mortalidad infantil | infant mortality |
| Rito funerario | funeral rite |
| Ritual | ritual |
| Creencia | belief |
| Religiosidad popular | popular/folk religiosity |
| Devoción | devotion |
| Oración | prayer |
| Rezar | to pray |
| Alma | soul |
| Inocencia | innocence |
| Vida después de la muerte | afterlife |
| Tradición popular | folk/popular tradition |
| Comunidad | community |
| Costumbre | custom |
| descontento | discontent |
| agitación | agitation |
| Evidenciar | to demonstrate / reveal |
| Reflejar | to reflect |
| Representar | to represent |
| Manifestar | to manifest / show |
| Simbolizar | to symbolise |
| Vincular | to link |
| Surgir | to emerge |
| Desarrollarse | to develop |
| Contribuir a | to contribute to |
| Dar lugar a | to give rise to |
| A raíz de | as a result of |
| Debido a | due to |
| A consecuencia de | as a consequence of |
| Frente a | in response to / faced with |
| Poner de manifiesto | to highlight / reveal |
| Brecha social | social divide |
| Precariedad | precarity / insecurity |
| Precariedad laboral | job insecurity |
| Marginalización | marginalisation |
| Abandono estatal | state neglect |
| Protección social | social protection |
| Bienestar | welfare / well |
| Reforma social | social reform |
| Piqueta | pick axe |
| Pirquinero | miner(pick axe user) |
| Palas | shovels |
| Poleas | pulleys |
| Bastar | to be enough/suffice |
| Inquilinos | tenants |
| Inquilinaje | tenancy |
| Hacendado | large landowner |
| Patrón | employer / landowner / boss |
| Terrateniente | landowner |
| Mano de obra | labour/workforce |
| Dependencia | dependency |
| Jerarquía social | social hierarchy |
| Propiedad de la tierra | land ownership |
| Reforma agraria | agrarian/land reform |
| Retroceso | setback, reverse |
| Mecanización | mechanization |
| Folleto | brochure/leaflet |
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