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Ms. Jones
English
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Verb regular | Action being preformed by the subject. also ends with Ed. talked, walked, jogged |
| State of being verb | links the subject to an adjective. to, be, is, are, was, were, become, smell, taste, feel, look, sound |
| Helper verb | paired with another verb to indicate the tense of the sentence. " what had happened was" have, do, was, will |
| Verb irregular | verbs that form the past tense in an irregular way. throw, threw, thrown |
| Pronoun | a word used to replace a noun or pronoun. I, me, he, him, she, her, it, we, they, mine, yours, this, someone |
| Reflexive pronoun | words that reflect back to subjective pronoun. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| Subjective Pronoun | takes the place of the subject. I, you, he, she, it, we they |
| Objective Pronoun | takes the place of the object. me, him, her, us, them |
| Adjectives | modifies nouns and pronouns. big, small, red, blue, happy, angry |
| Adverb | modify or describes the verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. quickly, carefully, yesterday, soon, everywhere, sometimes |
| Preposition | links the subject and verb. Often indicate time and location. in, on, at, under, over, to, from, with |
| Noun | Person, Place, or Thing. Mary, Food Bazaar, Cup |
| Definite Article | The |
| Indefinite Article | A or An |
| Conjunction | Connects words and ideas. and, but, or, so |
| Adverbial Conjunction | word phrase that links two separate thoughts. however, therefore, moreover, finally |
| Subordinating Conjunction | links dependent clauses to independent clauses. because, if, although, since, unless, while |
| Coordinating Conjunction F.A.N.B.O.Y.S/ S.W.A.B.I | two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so/ since, whenever, after, before, if |
| Conjuctive Adverbs | T.H.A.M.O therefore, however, also, meanwhile, otherwise |
| Independent Clause | Has a subject and verb that completes a thought. they went to the park. |
| Dependent Clause | has a subject and a verb that is an incomplete thought. it was raining. |
| Gerund Phrase | group of words starting with a gerund (ing form of verb) listening to the story. |
| Infinitive Phrase | group of words starting with an infinitive that are missing subject and verb. to speak to the crowd. |
| Coordinating Comma (cousins) goes with Coordinating Conjunction (F.A.N.B.O.Y.S) | a comma is required before conjunction and between two independent clauses. The committee reviewed the proposal, and they announced their decision. |
| Subordinating Comma goes with Subordinating Conjunction (S.W.A.B.I) | subordinating conjunction placed at the beginning and comma after dependent clause but before independent clause. Because the school was closed, we stayed home. |
| Unnecessary Comma | has two commas that are placed before and after information. The main office, which is in Boston, Handel's customer relations. |
| Direction Comma | placed after or before their name depending on where it is. Mallory, who likes to experiment, tried a new recipe for apple pie. |
| Appositive Comma | placed before and after information that adds more detail to the noun. Josephine, my sister, will be attending my graduation. |
| Address and Date Comma | placed commas after the day, a city, a year and the state. I will be attending the conference in Denver, Colorado, on Tuesday, November 11. |
| Series Comma | separates three or more items before coordinating conjunction. The assistant will write the memo, email the new schedule, and order office supplies. |
| Absent word Comma | removes unnecessary words assumed and do not need to be repeated. The girl from Canada, the boy from California. |
| Contrasting Comma | change in option or afterthought. I will attend the seminar, not the conference. |
| Quotation Comma | signifies a pause in thought and marks the beginning or continuation of a quote from someone. "That was a close game", said April, " I thought they wouldn't win." |
| Independent Semicolon | used when a pause in writing between two independent clauses. The Docotr's schedule was booked solid; the only appointment available is for next month. |
| Adverbial Semi colon | placed after the first independent clause and follows with adverbial Conjunction and comma. The meeting was supposed to start at noon; however, the show delayed everyone's arrival. |
| Separation Semicolon | Semicolon and comma work together to transition between significant and smaller separations. I need to pick up Joe, Rose, and Jane; it is my turn todrive to work. |
| Series Semicolon | three or more. used to separate people and places. We are traveling to Tampa, Florida; Orlando, Florida; and Atlanta, Georgia. |
| Run-On | absence of punctuation when joining two or more independent clauses. Tommy was late for dinner; his pasta was cold. |
| Comma Splice | made up of two or more independent clauses and comma. The stars were visible in the sky, I will set up my telescope on the roof of the house. |
| Colon | bring attention to the information about to follow. The grocery list includes the following items: napkins, juice, and pears. (the list) |
| Colon Usage | the "note" and "caution"- Caution: Beverage is hot! Business- Dear Mr. Smith Info- The new office is much better: it offers more space and is closer to my house. the list- The grocery list includes the following items: napkins, juice, and pears. |
| Five bandages to problem sentence | Independent Semicolon, Coordinating Comma, Turn one Independent clause into a dependent clause, two separate sentences, and Turn one Independent clause into a Gerund or Infinitive Phrase. |
| Dash | Draws attention to the information that follows the dash and brings attention to information between dash. The medical records- from the old office- were sent by courier. |
| Ellipsis | indicate the absence of several words or incomplete thought. The speech went ... and on ... so I left early. "let me think" ... said Rachel. |
| Plurals | "Plurals" more than one. There are several pencils on the desk. The files were given to the manager. |
| Singular Possessive | means only one. possession of one or more items or feelings. The boy's coats are blue. The teacher's classroom is down the hall. |
| Irregular Singular Possessives Form | nouns that already end in -s or -z written in singular form will hard to pronounce.to fix remove the last "s". Ms. Wills' new job starts on Monday. |
| Irregular Plural Possessive Form | add an apostrophe plus "s". The children's toy's need to be put away. |
| Plural Possessives | Plural form + apostrophe cats= cats' boys= boys' shoes= shoes' |
| Singular Possessive | Singular form + apostrophe "s" = kid's |
| Plural Possessive ("s") | Plural form + apostrophe "s" = kids' |
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