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Psychology Chapter 8
8A, 8B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mental wellbeing | For a person to maintain high levels of mental wellbeing, they must be able to effectively meet the demands of everyday life. This ability is referred to as levels of functioning and is an important indicator of overall mental wellbeing |
| levels of functioning | the degree to which an individual can complete day-to-day tasks in an independent and effective manner |
| mental wellbeing | Your current state of mind How you function How you meet goals and adapt to challenges Your cognition, emotional regulation How you relate and contribute to society |
| high levels | • carry out basic everyday tasks, such as maintaining personal hygiene and dressing appropriately • be productive in completing daily tasks • set goals and take steps towards achieving them • be independent • adapt to changes in the environment. |
| low levels | struggle to carry out basic tasks, like maintaining personal hygiene etc • feel uncharacteristically lethargic or tired and thus be unproductive in achieving tasks • lack direction/ be able to set goals in life • unable to cope with changes |
| spectrum | ‘flourishing’ - you feel great, you’re functioning effectively You may have ‘moderate wellbeing’ - you’re ok and are functioning ok You may be ‘languishing’ - you are experiencing low emotions, struggle to function independently or effectively |
| Resilience | the ability to cope with and manage change and uncertainty |
| High levels of resilience | Individuals with high levels of resilience may: • seek solutions to problems • use appropriate coping strategies • be flexible in changing circumstances • be optimistic and hopeful. |
| Low levels of resilience | Individuals with low levels of resilience may: • experience enduring feelings of being overwhelmed when problems arise • rely on unhealthy or unhelpful coping strategies • be unable to adapt to change • lack hope and optimism. |
| A high level of resilience is a feature of an overall positive state of mental wellbeing because it can be a result of, or lead to, an individual having: | • high self-esteem • more confidence in carrying out tasks • increased coping flexibility, which enables them to adjust coping strategies to a range of stressors. |
| Social wellbeing | the ability for an individual to form and maintain meaningful bonds with others, and adapt to different social situations |
| strong social wellebing | helps individuals to gain confidence and create positive interactions in a social setting. It also enables them to build strong support networks, which leads to overall better mental wellbeing |
| High levels of social wellbeing | A person with high levels of social wellbeing may: • have a strong support network • be able to form and maintain meaningful relationships • be able to effectively communicate with others. |
| Low levels of social wellbeing | A person with low levels of social wellbeing may: • be isolated or lack support from others • have difficulty forming and maintaining meaningful relationships • struggle to effectively communicate with others. |
| Emotional wellbeing | the ability for an individual to appropriately control and express their own emotions in an adaptive way, as well as understand the emotions of others |
| emotional wellbing mental health | regulate their own emotions well, expressing positive and negative emotions at suitable times. They can also display empathy and effectively understand and respond to other people’s emotions |
| High levels of emotional wellbeing | A person with high levels of emotional wellbeing may: • be aware of their own and others’ current emotional state • experience a wide range of emotions • express emotions at appropriate times. |
| Low levels of emotional wellbeing | A person with low levels of emotional wellbeing may: • be unable to understand or name their own and others’ emotions • feel numb or be unable to experience certain emotions • express emotions inappropriately or at inappropriate times |
| Social and emotional wellbeing (SEWB) framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities | a framework that includes all elements of being, and therefore wellbeing, for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples |
| the SEWB framework is: | multidimensional, meaning that it is made up of different components. • holistic, which reflects an approach to wellbeing that considers the whole person, including their mental, physical, spiritual, and social needs. |
| This framework illustrates | wellbeing is grounded in a collectivist perspective, means that the self is viewed as significantly linked to family and community also culture and cultural identity are integral to achieving social and emotional wellbeing |
| The Social and Emotional Wellbeing Framework model | explores seven dimensions, or sources, of wellbeing that enable a strong and positive Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander identity. These dimensions, although separated in the framework, are all interconnected |
| Connection to Body | Connecting to the physical body and health in order to participate fully in all aspects of life. eg Maintaining a healthy weight. • Access to good nutrition. • Managing illness and disability. |
| Connection to Mind and Emotions | Ability to effectively manage thoughts and feelings, • Maintaining self-esteem. • Connecting to values and motivation. • Having high levels of confidence. • Maintaining a strong identity. |
| Connection to Family and Kinship | Connection to the immediate and wider family group and community, Spending time within family groups promotes a feeling of connection therfore wellbeing. • Caring for the ill is the responsibility of all, not simply one’s biological parents |
| Connection to Community | Connection to wider social systems, providing individuals and families the ability to connect with and support each other, Community services and support networks,ability to maintain community connections plays an integral role in MW |
| Connection to Culture | A strong sense of identity, values, tradition, and connection between the past, present, and future that drives behaviour and beliefs. |
| Connection to Culture eg | Elders passing on information and tradition to future generations. • Speaking local languages. • Attending cultural events. • Participating in traditional rites and rituals, enable children to learn about their culture’s value systems |
| Connection to Country | The traditional lands of a particular language or cultural group, both geographically and the spiritual, emotional, and intellectual connections to and within it. |
| eg pt 1 | ATSI beliefs are tied heavily to the land and how one lives on it. One should and does not take more than one needs so the land continues to thrive. • Each person belongs to certain territories within family and clan groups |
| eg pt 2 | • Connection to Country is a strong part of Aboriginal culture and therefore a strong part of establishing social and emotional wellbeing |
| Connection to Spirituality and Ancestors eg | ATSI spirituality is grounded in the belief that their ancestors watch over them for entire life, strong belief that A will offer guidance and answer questions in unique ways when least expected. This creates a sense of purpose and wellbeing |
| Spirituality | refers to a concept that connects all things, and shapes beliefs, values, and behaviour. It guides knowledge systems, culture, and all that is life for Aboriginal people, including connections to ancestors, the past, the present, and the future. |
| Ancestors | refer to a belief that a family and community’s ancestors are interconnected with Creation spirits and Country and watch over, guide, and protect families and communities in the physical and spiritual world. |
| what else is part of the model | all aspects are impacted by social, historical, and political determinants of wellbeing that circle the dimensions of wellbeing within the SEWB framework |
| dterminanats | these three categories are interrelated and, at times, are hard to separate. |
| Social determinants | The circumstances in which people grow, live, and work, and the systems put in place to deal with illness eg • Socioeconomic status (level of wealth) • The impact of poverty • Unemployment • Racial discrimination |
| Historical determinants | The ongoing influence of events, policies, and trauma on groups of people Colonisation and its legacy (eg, the ongoing loss of culture and language) • The impact of past government policies (for example, policies of Aboriginal child removal) |
| Political determinants | Political policies that shape the process of distributing resources and power to individuals and communities, and create or reinforce social and health inequalities |
| eg | • Unresolved issues of land • Control of local resources • The rights of self-determination and sovereignty (individuals and communities making their own choices and managing their own lives in culturally informed ways) |
| Mental wellbeing | an individual’s psychological state, including their ability to think, process information, and regulate emotions |
| Mental wellbeing continuum | a tool used to track fluctuating mental wellbeing, ranging from high levels of mental wellbeing to low levels of mental wellbeing |
| position on the continuum | As mental wellbeing is a dynamic state, placement on the continuum is not fixed and can shift over time,means that someone with a MHdisorder,may currently be placed at low levels of mental wellbeing on the continuum, may not always experience distress. |
| High levels of mental wellbeing | able to function independently within their everyday life • able to cope with every day demands without showing an excessive level of distress and dysfunction • ability to cope with experiences, regulate emotions, and express them appropriately. |
| Middle of the continuum (neither extremely high nor low levels of mental wellbeing) | • experiences a temporary or moderate impact on mental wellbeing • experiences amplified emotions and high levels of stress • has difficulty concentrating • is more likely to experience irrational thought patterns. |
| Low levels of mental wellbeing pt 1 | • shows high levels of distress • is unable to independently complete tasks and meet the demands of their environment • |
| Low levels of mental wellbeing pt 2 | is impacted for an extended period of time (more than two weeks or in line with advice from mental health professionals) • may be diagnosed by a mental health professional and may be treated through psychotherapy or medication. |
| Internal factors | are factors that arise from within the individual. |
| External factors | are factors that arise from an individual’s environment. |
| These factors interact to influence a person’s mental wellbeing in two ways. | • They can contribute to the development or progression of low levels of mental wellbeing. • They can protect an individual from the development or progression of low levels of wellbeing, instead maintaining high levels of mental wellbeing. |
| Internal Factors eg | • Stress response • Thought patterns • Genetic predisposition |
| how internal factors amintain high levels of mental wellbeing | If a person has naturally optimistic thought patterns, they may be more likely to view difficult situations positively and thus protect their mental wellbeing |
| How can this lead to low levels of mental wellbeing? | If a person has a genetic predisposition to a mental health disorder, they may be more likely to develop one than someone who does not have the same genetic predisposition, leading to a greater likelihood of having low levels of mental wellbeing. |
| External factorseg | • Loss of a significant relationship • Level of education • Experiencing difficulty within certain environments, such as at work or school • Access to support services, such as medical and psychological treatment |
| How can this maintain high levels of mental wellbeing? | A person who has adequate access to support systems, like friends, family, or professional support, will have greater access to help when needed. This will help them maintain high levels of mental wellbeing, even in difficult circumstances. |
| How can this lead to low levels of mental wellbeing? | The loss of a significant relationship can negatively impact mental wellbeing if not adequately addressed, which involves low levels of mental wellbeing |
| Stress | a psychological and physiological experience that occurs when an individual encounters something of significance that demands their attention and/or efforts to cope |
| how stress is differntiated | • normal part of life not always low levels of MW • distress occurswhen an individual does not feel as though they have adequate resources to cope with a stressor • usually in response to a known cause, differnt from anxiety |
| Anxiety | a psychological and physiological response that involves feelings of worry and apprehension about a perceived threat |
| anxiety differntiates | While stress can involve eustress and distress feelings, anxiety typically only involves negative feelings • broader than stress and may be due to an unknown stimulus. • future-oriented, involves worrying about events that may happen in the future. |
| Both stress and anxiety are on the moderate to high part of the mental wellbeing continuum. They are similar because | people will experience both from time to time, and it is an expected part • usually don’t interrupt daily functioning, not always low mental wellbeing. • some can be adaptive for functioning as they can motivate people to take action |
| Specific phobia | a type of diagnosable anxiety disorder that is categorised by excessive and disproportionate fear when encountering or anticipating the encounter of a particular stimulus |
| Specific phobias are associated with: | • individual going to great lengths to avoid their phobic stimulus • significant disruption to an individual’s daily functioning • low levels of mental wellbeing when encountering or attempting to avoid the phobic stimulus. |
| specifc phobia continued | often aware that their level of fear and anxiety is disproportionate to the phobic stimulus, but are unable to control these feelings. |
| why is this | This is due to the fact that the sympathetic nervous system is dominant when an individual is exposed to their phobic stimulus and physiologial stress response experienced like high heart rate, breathing, sweating etc |
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