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BIO101: CH 6

QuestionAnswer
Stratum corneum many layers of keratinized dead epithelial cells that are flattened and non-nucleated
Stratum lucidum cells appear clear, nuclei organelles and cell membranes are no longer visible
Stratum granulosum Three to five layers of flattened granular cells that contain shrunken fibers of keratin and shriveled nuclei
Stratum spinosum many layers of cells with centrally located large oval nuclei and developing fibers of keratin, cells becoming flattened
Stratum basale (basal cell layer) a single row of cuboidal or columnar cells that divide and grow, also includes melanocytes
Keratin Tough, fibrous, waterproof protein made and stored in the cells
Epidermis Outer layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, basement membrane between epidermis and dermis
Dermis Inner layer, thicker than epidermis, connective tissue, with collagenous and elastic fibers, muscle, blood, nervous tissue
Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis): Beneath dermis, insulating layer, areolar and adipose connective tissue, not considered part of the skin, contains blood vessels that supply skin
Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells spinosum; Phagocytes; protect skin and underlying tissues from infection
Tactile (Merkel) Cells basale; sensory receptors for light touch
Melanocytes basale; Melanin is distributed to keratinocytes, through long cytoplasmic projections to protect from UV radiation (DNA damage, fibroblast damage, skin cancer)
Papillary layer thin; Superficial layer; Areolar connective tissue; Contains projections called dermal papillae; Binds epidermis to underlying tissues and forms our fingerprints
Reticular layer thick; Deeper layer; Dense irregular connective tissue
Environmental Factors Sunlight, UV light from sunlamps, X-rays
Physiological Factors Oxygenation in blood of dermal blood vessels: pinkish, cyanosis; Vasodilation/vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels; Accumulation of carotene pigment from diet; Jaundice
Created by: jullian18
 

 



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