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GHE
Bone
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| - a connective tissue characterized by mineralized extracellular matrix - consists of cells and extracellular matrix | Bone |
| major component is Type I Collagen and minor amount of Type V Collagen | Bone Matrix |
| Ground Substance | Glycosaminoglycans, Glycoproteins, Sialoprotein |
| 3 things in Glycosaminoglycans | Hyaluronic acid, Chondroitin sulfate, Keratin sulfate |
| 3 types of Glycoproteins | Osteocalon, Osteonectin, Osteopontin |
| mediate cell attachment and initiate Calcium phosphate formation during mineralization process | Sialoprotein I, II |
| bone matrix has many ______________ and each has an Osteocyte or bone cell | Lacunae |
| run through the mineralized matrix, connecting adjacent lacunae and allowing contact between the cell precesses of neighboring Osteocytes | Canaliculi |
| 3 other cell types present in Bone | Osteoprogenitor cells, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts |
| cells that give rise to Osteoblasts | Osteoprogenitor cells |
| cells that secrete the extracellular matrix of bone | Osteoblasts |
| bone-resorbing. cells which are present. on bone surfaces | Osteoclasts |
| are phagocytotic cells derived from Bone Marrow | Osteoclasts |
| are organs of the Skeletal System | Bones |
| is the structural component of bones | Bone Tissue |
| Bone consists of | Bone Tissue, Connective Tissue(Hemopoietic Tissue, Fat Tissue, Blood Vessels, Nerves) |
| classification of Bone Tissue according to structural arrangement | Compact Bone(Dense Bone), Spongy Bone(Cancellous Bone) |
| compact dense. layer which forms the outside of the bone | Compact Bone(Dense Bone) |
| sponge-like meshwork consisting of trabeculae which forms the interior of the bone | Spongy Bone(Cancellous Bone) |
| classification of Bones according to shape | Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, Irregular Bones |
| consist of a shaft and. 2 ends | Long Bones |
| nearly equal in length and diameter | Short Bones |
| thin and plate-like | Flat Bones |
| have a shape. that does not fit into any one of the 3 groups, the shape may be complex | Irregular Bones |
| parts of Long Bones | Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Articular surfaces, Metaphysis, Marrow or Medullary Cavity |
| shaft of long bones | Diaphysis |
| 2 expanded ends | Epiphysis |
| covered with Hyaline. Cartilage | Articular surfaces |
| flared portion of the bone between Diaphysis and Epiphysis | Metaphysis |
| large cavity filled with Bone Marrow that forms. the inner portion of. the bone | Marrow or Medullary Cavity |
| almost entire thickness of the shaft is compact and only small amount is spongy bone | Long Bone |
| short bones are made of: | Shell of Compact Bone, Spongy Bone, Marrow Space |
| a fibrous connective tissue capsule | Periosteum |
| Periosteum contains: | Outer Fibrous Layer, Inner Cellular Layer |
| bones that articulate with neighboring bones possess movable | Synovial Joints |
| are lined by Endosteum, a layer of connective tissue cells that contains Osteoprogenitor cells | Bone Cavities |
| Red Bone Marrow consists of: | Developing blood cells in different stages, Network of reticular cells and fibers |
| tissue in the marrow cavity consists mostly of FAT cells | Yellow Bone Marrow |
| composed of structural units called Osteon | Mature bone |
| consists of Lamellae which are concentric bony plates surrounding a Haversian Canal or Osteonal canal | Osteon |
| resting cell that can transform into an Osteoblast and secret bone matrix | Osteoprogenitor cell |
| - differentiated bone-forming cell that secretes bone matrix - retains its ability to divide | Osteoblast |
| - mature bone cell - enclosed by bone matrix that it previously secreted as an Osteoblast | Osteocyte |
| 3 functional states of Osteocyte | Quiescent Osteocytes, Formative Osteocytes, Resorptive Osteocytes |
| - responsible for bone resorption - large, multi-nucleated cells | Osteoclasts |
| bone formation | Endochondral Ossification, Intramembranous Ossification |
| a cartilage model serves as the precursor of the bone | Endochondral Ossification |
| bone is formed by a simpler method, without the intervention of a cartilage precursor | Intramembranous Ossification |
| Endochondral Ossification | 1. Hyaline cartilage model 2. Periosteal bony collar 3. Chondrocytes enlarge, surrounding cartilage matrix resorbed forming thin irregular cartilage plates 4. Synthesize Alkaline phosphate 5. Calcified cartilage matrix inhibits diffusion of nutrients |
| growth of Endochondral Bone | begins 2nd trimester of fetal life, continues into early adulthood |
| zones in Epiphyseal Cartilage | Zone of Reserve Cartilage, Zone of Proliferation, Zone of Hypertrophy, Zone of Calcified Cartilage, Zone of Resorption |
| mineralization occurs within the Extracellular organic matrix secreted by the Enamel Organ | Enamel |
| serves as a reservoir for body Calcium | Bone |
| acts on the bone to raise low Blood Calcium levels to normal | PTH |
| acts to lower elevated Blood Calcium levels to normal | Calcitonin |
| are the first cells to arrive on the scene, followed by Macrophages that begin to clean up the site of injury | Neutrophils |
| new loose connective tissue, is formed and as the tissue becomes denser, Cartilage forms in parts of it | Granulation Tissue |
| healthy individuals usually take ___________________ depending on the severity of the break | 6-12 weeks |
Created by:
Esther Shin