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Unit 1 M.E Geography

TermDefinition
political • related to government • determined by government such as boundaries for independent nations
physical • visible, environmental • mountains, lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans are all examples
ethnic group • people who may share common characteristics such as language, physical traits, customs, and traditions • examples include Arabs, Kurds, and Persians
religious group • people who share a common set of beliefs, usually in a supernatural being(s) • Jews, Christians, Muslims, Shia, and Sunnis are all examples
Arabs • the most common (numerous) ethnic group in the Middle East and North Africa • originally came from the Arabian Peninsula • majority are Sunni Muslims with Shia Muslims making up about 10%
Kurds • ethnic group that lives in the mountainous regions of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Armenia, and Turkey • most are Sunni Muslims • have fought, both literally and figuratively, for their own country for decades
Persians • ethnic group who make up over ½ of the population of Iran • maintained a large and powerful empire in ancient times • majority are Shia Muslims (Shiites)
Shia • a smaller percentage of all Muslims • believe that Muhammad’s heirs should be descendants of Muhammad, and that the heir is both a political AND religious leader
Sunni • group that makes up close to 90% of all Muslims • believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor so the successor needs to be elected or appointed and that the successor serves only as a political leader, not a religious leader
compare • relate, same, similarities
contrast • dissimilar, distinct, different
diversity • the variety or differences among people, groups, or things
prominent • notable, primary, most common
monotheistic • a religion with the belief in just one god
polytheistic • a religion with the belief in more than one god
Judaism • the first of the monotheistic religions founded c. 1900 BCE by Abraham • worship in a synagogue, and the holy text is called the Torah
Christianity • the second monotheistic religion with its start in 1 CE based on the life and teachings of Jesus • worship in a church, and the holy text is called the Bible
Islam • the third monotheistic religion with its start c. 610 CE and founded by Muhammad • worship in a mosque, and the holy text is called the Qur’an
Abraham • considered the founder of Judaism although he is considered a patriarchal figure in the teachings of all 3 monotheistic religions
Jesus • considered the founder of Christianity; a figure mentioned in all three monotheistic religions • Christianity is based on his life and teachings
Muhammad • considered the founder of Islam • Muslims believe that the angel Gabriel appeared to him to give him Allah’s (God’s) word
Muslims • term used for the followers of Islam • NOT a term for a religion
5 Pillars of Faith • principle beliefs of faith, prayer, charity, fasting during the holy month, and the hajj
Jerusalem • city in Israel considered holy by all three monotheistic religions for different reasons
population density • the average number of people living in a given area (usually per square mile or kilometer) in a specific country, state, or city
arid • dry, the type of climate most common in the Middle East
desalination • the expensive process of removing salt from sea water so it can be used for drinking and farming
irrigation • the process of getting water from where it is to where it is needed
water rights • authority for claims to, use of, and redistribution of fresh water, which is unevenly distributed in the Middle East; conflicts have resulted from disputes over this authority
Created by: user-2046547
 

 



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