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BUZZ WORDS
PANCE/PANRE BUZZ WORDS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood and thunder | Central retinal vein occlusion (CRO) |
| MCC of reduced clarity of vision? | Refractive errors |
| Most common location where a retinal detachment starts? | Superior temporal retinal area |
| MCC of irreversible central vision loss? | Macular degeneration |
| Drusen deposits | |
| What is the leading cause of blindness in adults in the United States? | Diabetic retinopathy |
| Most common type of cataract? | Senile cataract |
| Most common type of glaucoma? | Open-angle |
| Most common cause of viral conjunctivitis? | Adenovirus |
| Amaurosis fugax | "Curtain closing" 2/2 emboli |
| MCC of amblyopia? | Strabismus |
| MCC of hearing loss (3)? | Cerumen impaction, eustachian tube dysfunction, and presbycusis |
| MCC of sensorineural hearing loss? | Presbycusis |
| MCC of acute otitis media in infants and children? | Strep Pneumonia (2. H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, strep pyogenes) |
| Dix-Hallpike maneuver | Diagnostic test for positional vertigo. quikly turning Pts head 900 degrees whil the Pt is in the supine position. Produces a delayed fatigable nystagmus |
| Swimmers ear | Otitis externa |
| CENTOR criteria? | Criteria for bacterial vs. viral etiology for acute pharyngitis. Fever, Anterior lymphadenopathy, absence of cough, tonsillar exudates |
| muffled "hot potato" voice | Peritonsillar abscess/cellulitis (quinsy) |
| Hallmark sx of laryngitis? | Voice hoarsness |
| Thumb sign | Epiglotitis |
| Kiesselbach plexus, Woodruff plexus | Epistaxis |
| Most common location of nose bleed? | Anteriorly from the Kiesselbach plexus. |
| Samter triad | Nasal polyps: Hx of nasal polyps and asthma, ASA is CI b/c of possibility of causing severe bronchospasm. |
| MCC of CAP? | Bacterial infection (when a cause is ID). Overall, the causative agent is not identified. |
| Bacterial causes of pneumonia | S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, Staph. aureus, K. pneumonia. |
| Atypical bacterial causes of pneumonia | Legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydia. |
| MCC of bacterial pneumonia in all groups? | S. pneumoniae |
| MCC of atypical bacterial pneumoniae? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a |
| Bullous myringitis | Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
| Rust-colored sputum | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
| Currant jelly sputum | Klebsiella pneumoniae |
| MCC of nosocomial pneumonia? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| MCC of bacterial pneumonia in HIV pts? | Streptococcus |
| MCC of opportunisitc infection in Pts w/HIV? | Pneumocystis jiroveci |
| Most common sx associated with tuberculosis? | Cough |
| MCC of acute bronchitis? | Adenovirus |
| MCC of acute bronchiolitis? | RSV |
| Thumb print sign | Epiglotitis |
| MCC of croup? | Parainfluenza virus types 1 and 2 |
| Oat cell | Small cell lung cancer (SMLC) |
| Most common type of bronchogenic carcinoma? | Adenocarcinoma |
| Coin lesions | Pulmonary nodules are also known as coin lesions |
| Carcinoid syndrome | flusing, diarrhea, wheezing, hypotension. Associated with carcinoid tumors |
| octreotide scintigraphy | used to loaclize carcinoid tumors |
| Which dz state is most commonly associated with cronchiectasis? | Cystic fibrosis |
| MCC of a transudative pleural effusion? | Congestive heart failure |
| Most commonly used irritants to treat a pleural effusion? | doxycycline and talc |
| Lights criteria | |
| What is the most common dx among Pts w/interstitial lung dz? | Idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia (formerly known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) |
| Most common organ involved in sarcoidosis? | Lung is involved in 90% or Pts |
| MC type of distributive shock? | Septic shock |
| Trendelenburg position? | Supine w/foot of bed elevated |
| MC type of HTN? | Primary (essential) htn |
| Metabolic syndrome | truncal obesity, insulin resistance, HLD, HTN |
| Hypertensive urgency | 220/125 |
| Hypertensive emergency | |
| STRAIN PATTERN | L. ventricular hypertrophy. Associated w/advanced disease and a poorer prognosis. ST depression and T wave inversion in the lateral leads |
| NiFe Lab +/- Esmolol | My acronym for tx of HTN urgency/emergency. |
| LMNOP | Acute CHF meds: lasix, morphine, nitro, oxygen, position |
| MCC of cardiovascular death and disability? | Atherosclerotic heart dz |
| MCC of ischemic heart dz? | Atherosclerotic narrowing |
| MC sx of unstable angina? | Angina at rest. |
| LEVINE SIGN | Clutched fist over chest |
| DRESSLER SYNDROME | Post-MI syndrome: pericarditis, fever, leukocytosis, and pericardial or pleural effusion. Usually 1-2 weeks s/p MI |
| MONA | ACS meds: morphine, oxygen, nitro, asa |
| MC valvular dz in the US? | Aortic stenosis |
| MCC of mitral and aortic valve disorders? | Congenital defects |
| MC of all congenital heart defects? | VSD |
| MC paroxysmal tachycardia? | PSVT |
| MC chronic arythmia? | AFIB |
| MCC of embolic cerebrovascular accidents? | AFIB |
| HOLIDAY HEART | AFIB when caused by excessive ETOH intake. |
| MC type of cardiomyopathy? | Dilated cardiomyopathies (95%) |
| MC presenting sx of dilated cardiomyopathies? | Dyspnea |
| MC sx's associated w/hypertrophic cardiomyopathies? | Dyspnea and angina |
| MC cause of acute pericarditis? | Idiopathic (90%) or due to viral (but undiagnosed viral likely contributes to a large percentage of idiopathic) |
| DIFFUSE ST ELEVATION | EKG finding of acute pericarditis |
| BECKS TRIAD | hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds. |
| MC cause of infective endocarditis? | Strp viridans, Staph aureus |
| MCC of infectinve endocarditis in IV drug users? | S. aureus |
| Which heart valve is most commonly affected in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis? | Tricuspid |
| PAD is most commonly the result of atherosclerosis. | |
| LERICHE SYNDROME | ED 2/2 iliac artery dz |
| MC vein affected by superficial thrombophlebitis? | Long saphenous vein |
| HOMANS SIGN | |
| MCC of aortic aneurysm? | Atherosclerosis |
| Most common site of an aortic aneurysm? | abdomen (90%), |
| What is the MC hemoglobinopathy? | Sick hemoglobin (Hgb S) |
| PICA | abnormal craving for ice, clay, or starch |
| Plummer-vinson syndrome | Iron deficiency anemia with dysphagia. |
| What is the MC type of anemia found in clinical practice? | microcytic anemia |
| What are the different causes of the microcytic anemias? | TICS: Thalassemias, Iron Deficiency, Chronic inflammatory conditions, sideroblastic |
| Cooley anemia? | B-thalassemia major |
| What is the MCC of anemia in the word? | Iron deficiency |
| What are the MCC of a macrocytic anemia? | B12 and Folate deficiency |
| Howell-Jolly bodies? | These are nuclear DNA remnants and are associated w/macrocytic anemia. |
| Macro-ovalocytes, and hypersegmented polymorphonuclear cells are pathognomonic for folic acid deficiency anemia. | yup |
| MC anemia associated with B12 deficent anemia? | pernicious anemia. Results from a lack of intrinsic factor, which is necessary fro B12 absorption. |
| Schilling test? | Diagnostic test for B12 deficiency |
| Heinz body stain? | one of the tests for G6PD deficeincy |
| What 2 findings will be seen on peripheral smear in G6PD? | Heinz bodies and bite cells |
| Which mutation is associated with polycythemia vera? | JAK2 mutation |
| What is the MCC of morbidity and mortality in a Pt with polycythemia vera? | Thrombosis |
| Auer rods? | Seen in AML |
| Philadelphia chromosome | Seen in CML and is unfavorable |
| MC type of leukemia? | CLL |
| What is the MC type of CLL? | B cell |
| Smudge cell | pathognomonic for CML |
| Reed-Sternberg cells | seen in lymph node bx in Hodgkin disease |
| Rouleaux formation? | Seen in multiple myeloma |
| monoclonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis? | Seen in multiple myeloma |
| Bence jones protein? | Seen in urine sample of Multiple myeloma |
| ADAMTS 13 | also known as von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease |
| MCC of acquired platelet dysfunction? | ASA and NDAIDs |
| What is the MC congenital coagulopahty? | Von Willebrand |
| What is the MC acquired coagulopathies? | Vit K. |
| Virchow triad? | blood stasis, hypercoagulable state, vascular injury |
| Trousseau syndrome? | when a hypercoagulable state is associated with malignancy. |
| Russells viper venom time? | Detects lupus anticoagulant. |
| TENET | Intrinsic clotting pathway (12, 11, 9, 8, 10) |
| MC presenting sx of GERD? | Heartburn |
| MC presenting sx of infectious esophagitis? | Odynophagia and/or dysphagia |
| MC presenting sx of all the esophageal dysmotilities? | Dysphagia |
| What are the 2 MC types of esophageal neoplasms? | Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma |
| Where does esophageal CA like to spread to? | Mediastinum |
| Main clinical feature of esophageal cancer? | Progressive dysphagia and weight loss |
| Mallory-Weiss tear? | Seen in alcoholics. Most resolve w/out tx. |
| Budd-Chiari syndrome? | Occlusion of the hepatic veins 2/2 thrombosis |
| MC presentation of esophageal varices? | Painless upper GI bleed |
| MCC of of PUD? | H. pylori |
| H. pylori and gastric ulcers are both associated with? | Gastric cancer |
| MCC of nonhemorrhagic GI bleeding? | PUD |
| 2 MC locations of a gastrinoma? | Pancreas and duodenum |
| Virchow node? | Left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy |
| Sister Mary Joseph nodule? | umbilical nodule |
| What condition is most commonly associated with virchow node and sister mary joseph nodule? | Gastric adenocarcinoma |
| Most common lab finding in a Pt w/gastric adenocarcinoma? | Iron deficiency anemia |
| MC extranodal site for non-hodgkin lymphoma? | Stomach. |
| MC cause of small bowel obstructions? | Adhesions or hernias |
| MC site for a volvulus? | Sigmoid or cecal area. |
| Tenesmus and bloody, pus-filled diarrhea are the MC sx associated with? | UC |
| What is the most MC surgical cure for UC? | Total proctocolectomy |
| What is the MCC of chronic or recurrent abdominal pain? | IBS |
| Occurs most commonly in children, especially following a viral infection? | Intussusception |
| Current jelly stools | Intussusception |
| Hirschsprung disease? | Associated w/toxic megacolon |
| MC location of an anal fissure? | Posterior midline |
| MCC of apendicitis? | Fecalith |
| What is the MC abdominal surgical emergency? | Appendicitis |
| McBurney point? | Appendicitis. |
| Psoas sign? | Pt in supine position lifting one leg against resistance. Associated with appendicitis |
| obturator sign? | Pt is supine and attempts to flex and internally rotate the R. hip with the knee bent. Apendicitis |
| 2 MCCs of acute apendicitis | alcohol abuse and cholelithiasis |
| Classic presentation is epigastric pan that radiates to the back. Pain may lessen when the Pt leans forward? | Acute pancreatitis |
| Grey Turner sign? | Bleeding in the glands 2/2 hemorrhagic pancreatitis. |
| Cullen sign? | Bleeding periumbilical area 2/2 hemorrhagic pancreatitis |
| Ranson criteria |
Created by:
lrs007