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Geo Unit 1 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Movement | When people, goods, or ideas travel from one place to another. |
| Migration | The movement of people from one place to another. |
| Push Factors | Any attribute or characteristic of an area that makes people want to leave it. |
| Pull Factors | Any attribute or characteristic of an area that makes people want to go to it. |
| Immigration | When a group of people permanently moves from one place to another. |
| Tourism | Traveling to another area for the sake of visiting temporarily, usually for leisure/fun. |
| Pilgrimage | Traveling to another area for a religious purpose, usually to visit a holy site as part of a religious ritual or expectation. |
| Urbanization | The movement of people from rural areas into cities. |
| Population Density | The number of people who live in a specific area. A dense population means more people in a small space. A sparse population means fewer people in a large space. |
| Region | A grouping of places where people live based on a similarity or characteristic they share. Can be grouped formally by a visible attribute, can be grouped by function like shared infrastructure, or can be grouped by reputation. |
| Culture | Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people. |
| Society | A community of people who share a common culture |
| Ethnic Group | Group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, etc. |
| Cultural Diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another |
| Assimilation | Fully adopting the cultural traits of a culture influencing yours. Little of the original culture is retained. |
| Acculturation | Adopting the cultural traits, such as language, of a culture that is influencing yours. Many pieces of the original culture are retained. |
| Traditional Economy | An economy in which production is based on customs and traditions and economic roles are typically passed down from one generation to the next. |
| Command Economy | An economic system in which the government makes all economic decisions. |
| Free Market Economy (Pure Capitalism) | Individuals and private groups make decisions about what to produce. Zero government involvement. |
| Mixed Market Economy | Economic system that combines both private ownership and government ownership of the means of production |
| Hunting and Gathering | The killing of wild game (animals) and the harvesting of wild plants to provide food in traditional cultures. |
| Supply and Demand | States that the price of a good rises and falls depending on how many people want it (demand) and depending on how much of the good is available (supply) |
| Democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them |
| Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders |
| Monarchy | A government ruled by a king or queen |
| Communism | A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common |
| Autocracy | a system of government by one person with absolute power. |
| Oligarchy | A government ruled by a few powerful people |
| Dictatorship | A form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority. |
| Cultural Hearth | An ancient cultural center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward |
| Social Structure | A pattern of organized relationships among groups of people within a society, which define who is most or least important. |
| Social Status | A person's position in their community. |
| Social Role | A set of expectations for people based on the status they occupy in society. |
| Monotheism | Belief in one God |
| Polytheism | The belief in or worship of more than one god. |
| Traditional Religion | A religion that often follows animist traditions (nature and ancestors are revered). Usually specific to a culture or ethnic group. |
| Christianity | A religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. Teaches that there is one god and Jesus is the son of god. |
| Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. |
| Judaism | The monotheistic religion of the Jewish people that originated with Abraham. Teaches that the Jewish people are the chosen people of god. |
| Atheism | Belief that there is no god. |
| Agnosticism | The belief that God's existence cannot be known |
| Hinduism | A religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation |
| Buddhism | A religion based on the teachings of the Buddha. |
| Animism | The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits |
| Mountain Range | a series of connected mountains, which are sharply elevated pieces of land. |
| Plains | a large area of flat land with few trees |
| Desert | An extremely dry area with little water and few plants |
| Body of Water | water features such as ocean, lakes, and rivers |
| Tectonic Plate | Sections of the Earth's crust that move due to convection currents. The continents and oceans sit on top of these. |
| Fault Line | a break or crack in Earth's surface. Caused by shifting and moving plates. |
| Climate | The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time |
| Weather | the state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time. For example: heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc. |
| Equator | An imaginary circle around the middle of the earth, halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole |
| Latitude | Parallels drawn on a globe that measure a places' distance north and south from the equator. |
| Ecosystem | A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. |
| Biome | Ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms. |
| Physical Feature | any natural characteristic of Earth's surface, such as landforms and bodies of water |
| Continental Drift | the gradual movement of the continents across the earth's surface through geological time. |
| Longitude | Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees |
| Political Feature | Defined by humans through governmental boundaries. Ex: countries, continents, cities. |
| Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land |
| Republic | A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting |
| Industrialization | The development of industries for the machine production of goods. |
| Achieved | Social Status based on accomplishments or actions; something that can be changed. |
| Ascribed | Social Status based on an innate characteristic; something that cannot be changed. |
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