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civis test term 3
shit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 8 chapters of the constitution in order. | Parliament(law making powers and HOR), Executive(GG, Ministers), judiciary (high court and federal courts), finance and trade, the states, new states, miscellaneous, alteration of the constitution. |
| Name 4 federal respnsibilities. | defence, foreign affairs, currency immigration, marriage, social security, national issues |
| Name 4 Local responsibilities. | rubbish collection, local libraries, local parks, building approval, sewerage |
| Name 4 state responsibilities. | Public hospitals, public schools, police, public transport, housing, prisons, roads, police and ambulance services, ect. |
| Why is the ACT sometimes called a city-state? | ACT legislative Assembly does both state level and local level jobs itself, with no seperate local council underneath it. |
| Why is the ACT a limited self-government? | ACT's law making powers can be overridden by the Commonwealth Parliament. |
| When has the ACT had self government? | Since 1989, and before that it was run directly by the Commonwealth Parliament and a Minister for territories. |
| How does ACT's self government work? | ACT legislative assembly has one house, 25 members. No governor, the Assembly and the Chief Minister carry out functions a Governor would perform elsewhere. Assembly does state and local jobs with no seperate local council. |
| What does the Parliament, executive and judiciary do in the Separation of powers? Who is from each team in the separation of powers? | Parliament makes laws (Parliament), Executive enforces and puts laws into action (Government: Prime minister, ministers and public service), judiciary interprets and makes judgements ( High and federal court). |
| Is there any city or local council in ACT's self government? | While not official local government, bodies like the Belconnen Community Council provide local input and representation. |
| What are the reasons for Federation? | United defence force, common immigration policy, forming of Australian national identity, there would be no tariffs, there was different train railway gauges |
| In the constitution, it lists powers that the Commonwealth parliament can make laws about what? What section is it in? | defence, taxation, corporations, race power, external affairs(implementing international legal agreements), referral power. In Section 51 TIP: list Federal responsibilities |
| How many people are in the Senate and House of Representatives? | HOR are first to vote(House of Representatives are the green ones, with more people).There are 150 members in HOR, 94 Labor party. 76 members in the Senate. |
| What is the difference between the senate and house of representatives | To win a seat in the House of Representatives, you must be elected by the voters of your electorate, to win a seat in Senate, you must be elected by the voters of your state/territory. |
| What is the constitution? How was the constitution made? | The Australian Constitution is the set of rules by which a country is governed. Australians voted for the Constitution in a series of referendums. \ |
| What does the constitution establish and outline? | Sets out who can make laws, divides power (separation of power), it creates stability so everyone knows the rules. Gives Government legitimacy-power is exercised because the rules allow it |
| What are the ways the constitution can be changed and under what section can you find how to change it? | Can only be changed through a referendum under section 128, but the operation of the constitution can be altered by a high court decision. This doesn't change the actual constitution but the way it is interpreted. |
| Name one referendum that succeeded | The 1967 referendum, which allowed the commonwealth to make laws for aboriginal people and include them in the census. |
| Name one referendum that failed | 2023: Proposed recognizing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Peoples of Australia in the constitution and establishing the Voice which is an advisory body for Aboriginal people. |
| Define Federation | The action of forming states or organisations into a single group with centralised control. |
| Define constitution | A set of rules of which a country is run. This can be all the rules written in one book ( like Australia) or a mix of laws and court decisions. |
| Define referendum | A yes/no vote by the electorate on a single political question |
| Define the separation of powers | The principle that the power to make and manage laws should be shared between different groups to avoid one group having all the power |
| Define a bill | A proposed law that has not been a law yet. |
| Define an act | A law or a bill that has been passed |
| Define residual powers | The leftover residual powers are those that were not granted to the Australian Parliament when the Constitution was written. |
| What is a double majority? | A majority out of all states (more than half of the 6 states, so 4 states), and a majority of the whole nation. The nation majority allows people from all areas to vote, no matter the population eg. territories |
| How many referendums have there been? How many have worked? | Since Federation, 45 proposed changes have been put to Australian voters across various referendums — only 8 have succeeded. |
| Explain the brief journey from a policy to a law. | 1. The executive government drafts and introduces bill to parliament. 2. Bills are considered by parliament. 3. Singned by Governor General 4. Bills become Acts of Parliament and laws, administered by Government Departments. |
| Why does section 128 require a double majority? | Prevents heavily populated states like New South Wales and Victoria from forcing constitutional changes on less populated states like Tasmania or South Australia. (Allows all states to be represented equally no matter the population) |
| When was Whitlam Gouff dismissed? | 11th of November 1975 by Governor general Sir John Kerr. This is because Coalition controlled senate blocked all the governments funding. |
| What are the steps of law making? | 1. First Reading. 2. second reading (debates and voted). 3. House/Senate Committee;inquiries 4. discuss amendments. 5. 3rd reading. 6. Assent; Governor-General. |
| Why should 16 year olds be able to vote? | At 16 years old, you can drop out of school, drive with a learners permit, move out independently, or even work full time. |
| Why does Australia not have a complete separation of powers? | Because members of the Executive are also members of parliament (prime minister and ministers) |
| The ACT legislative performs which roles? | Both legislative and executive roles. |
| In addition to the Governor-General, who else is part of both the Executive and the Parliament? | The Prime minister, this is why it's not considered a complete separation of powers. |
| why does the Governor general sign off on bills? | It gives them royal assent. |
| How did the governor general sir John Kerr dismiss Whitlam gouff? | By invoking section 61 and 64 of the constitution, the use of reserve powers and exercising these two sections allowed him to legally dismiss the Prime Minister. |
| What are reserve powers? | Reserve powers are powers held by the Governor General that are not fully said in the Constitution but are implied. It can be interpreted/exercised in their own discretion |
| What is the purpose of the committee stage in the law making process? | To examine the bill in detail and gather expert and community views |
| Name important section numbers of the constitution and their purpose. | Section 128- double majority and alteration of the constitution. Section 53 details the Federal's law making powers, 109 states how the federal law overrides a state law if inconsistent. 71 outlines the Judiciary roles. |
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