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BIO101 CH3 2+3+5

QuestionAnswer
Which transport processes do NOT require energy? Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, filtration.
What is diffusion? Movement of atoms, molecules, or ions, from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration (higher to lower).
What is osmosis? Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from region of higher water concentration to region of lower water concentration (water related), often called "diffusion of water."
What is an isotonic solution? Same osmotic pressure; cells in an isotonic solution have no net gain or loss of water.
What is a hypotonic solution? Lower osmotic pressure; cells in a hypotonic solution gain water.
What is a hypertonic solution? Higher osmotic pressure; cells in a hypertonic solution lose water.
What is filtration? Process that forces molecules through membranes by exerting pressure (pressure related); like washing quinoa or rice through a colander; used to separate solids from water or small particles from large ones.
What is active transport? Requires ATP energy; movement of substances across a membrane from region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration (against concentration gradient).
What is pinocytosis? Membrane engulfs droplets of liquid.
What is phagocytosis? Membrane engulfs solid particles.
What is endocytosis? Movement of a substance into the cell inside a vesicle; substances too large to enter by other methods can enter the cell this way.
What is mitosis? Division of nucleus.
What happens during interphase? Growth of cell; maintenance of normal functions.
What happens during prophase? Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes; centrioles move to opposite sides of cytoplasm; nuclear envelope and nucleolus disperse.
What happens during metaphase? Middle; all chromosomes line up at center; spindle fibers from centrioles attach to chromosomes and align them midway between centrioles.
What happens during anaphase? Chromosomes separate and move in opposite directions toward centrioles as the spindle fibers shorten.
What happens during telophase? Opposite of prophase; finish cytokinesis; put back nuclear envelope; chromosomes return to chromatin structure; nuclear envelope forms around each chromosome set; nucleoli become visible.
What is cytokinesis? Occurs during anaphase; splits cytoplasm in half; division of cytoplasm.
What is apoptosis? Programmed cell death.
Created by: jullian18
 

 



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