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Chapter 32
Concepts III Care of Older Adults
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Young Old is 65 to 74 yrs old Middle Old is 75 to 84 yrs old Old old is 85 yrs and older Centenarians are 100 yrs of age or older | |
| Today 8.5% of people worldwide are age 65 and older | |
| By 2050 it is expected that the worldwide age of people will jump 17% | |
| Ageism The practice of discrimination and prejudice against older adults | |
| Ageism contributes to: ‒ Stereotyping ‒ Unequal treatment in workforce ‒ Denial of health care | |
| Ageism Treat all patients as individuals, with unique characteristics and personalities, no matter the age of the patient | |
| Changes in neurological functioning Reflexes become slower Transient ischemic attack (TIA) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) Ischemic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke Alzheimer’s disease Hallucinations Illusions Dementia | |
| Cataracts Occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, or opaque, causing visual blurring Glaucoma Eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which affects the optic nerve and can lead to blindness | |
| Age-related macular degeneration The destruction of the area in the retina where the optic nerve attaches, leading to the loss of central vision | |
| Presbycusis The normal decrease in hearing that accompanies the aging process | |
| Changes in Cardiovascular Functioning Heart muscle loses elasticity with aging With aging the blood vessels narrow as arteries collect fatty deposits, and peripheral pulses are less palpable | |
| Circulation is decreased Conditions that may develop as a result of decreased circulation Coronary artery disease, hypertension, high cholesterol levels, myocardial infarction, or peripheral vascular disease | |
| Changes in Respiratory Functioning Reduced flexibility of lung elasticity Alveoli do not expand fully More susceptible to lung infection | |
| Changes in Gastrointestinal Functioning Peristalsis slows The cycle of food digestion slows which can lead to poor appetite and decreased food intake Constipation (does not have enough water) | |
| Aging can affect peristalsis Lack of activity may slow down the entire gastrointestinal functioning, including evacuation | |
| Xerostomia The medical term for an excessively dry mouth Common complaint of older adults | |
| Glaucoma is an example of what kind of physical change in older adults? Sensory | |
| Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure, which affects the optic nerve and can lead to blindness | |
| Intermediate care Used for health conditions that require daily nursing attention but not 24-hour nursing supervision | |
| Skilled care Requires 24-hour nursing supervision and care and can include IV therapy, physical therapy, and wound care management | |
| Memory care Specialized environment designed specifically for those suffering from dementia | |
| Assisted living Requires the least amount of care as residents do not require around-the-clock attention | |
| The term polypharmacy refers to the ingestion of many medications. | |
| Ischemic Stroke is known as when the cause of a cerebrovascular accident is a blood clot | |
| A bleeding cerebral blood vessel is a Hemorrhagic Stroke | |
| Cerebrovascular Accident is known as Stroke, Brain Infarction, or Brain Attack (more often in older adults) | |
| Transient Ischemic Attack is a temporary decrease in the blood supply to the brain causing dizziness, visual changes, weakness, numbness of one or more limbs, and difficulty swallowing | |
| Dementia is a type of Altheimer's Hallucination has NOTHING to do with Demetia | |
| Dysphagia is swallowing disorders caused by nerve transmission interruption in the throat muscles and epiglottis after a CVA | |
| Delirium refers to a state of mental confusion that usually is accompanied by illusions and hallucinations. | |
| A hallucination is a false perception having no relation to reality; the person may believe that they see, hear, or smell something that is not really present. | |
| An illusion is a misinterpretation of sensory stimuli, such as seeing a coat rack but believing it is a human. The patient often is disoriented to time and place. | |
| Dementia is a decrease in intellectual functioning eventually resulting in the inability to care for oneself. It occurs gradually over months or years | |
| Alzheimer’s disease, which is strongly associated with aging. | |
| Dementia Deterioration of cognitive functioning without a disturbance in consciousness | |
| Delirium State of heightened awareness; hallucinations and vivid dreams present; often has emotional outbursts | |
| Maslow's Hierarchy begins with Physiological Needs Safety and Security Love and Belongings Self Esteem and ends with Self-Actualization |
Created by:
Daarina Jones