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Chapter 31
Concepts III Urinary Elimination
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Void is another word for Elimination | |
| Kidney filtration cleanses the blood of anything the body does not need (urine) | |
| 3 Waste Products Removed Urea (From Amino Acid Metabolism) Uric Acid (From the breakdown of RNA and DNA) Creatinine (The waste products of muscle metabolism) | |
| Characteristics of Urine Color and Clarity (straw and clear) Light Amber IS normal Dark Amber is NOT normal Odor (slightly aromatic) Amount (Oliguria, Polyuria, Anuria) 30 ml per hour pH (4.5-8) Specific gravity (1.005-1.03) | |
| Weight of a substance + Weight of an equal amount of water =SPECIFIC GRAVITY | |
| Normal Specific Gravity for Urine is 1.005-1.03 | |
| When Specific Gravity is TOO HIGH the urine is more CONCENTRATED (low water) >1.03 = DEHYDRATED | |
| When the Specific Gravity is TOO LOW the urine is more DILUTE (a lot of water) <1.005 = OVERHYDRATED | |
| The 2 kidneys in the urinary system contain millions of nephrons that filter the blood | |
| The Renal Arteries deliver blood to the kidneys | |
| The nephron and into the glomerulus is where the filtration takes place | |
| Urine leaves the kidney thru the Ureter Urinary Bladder | |
| The average individual urinates 4 to 6 times a day | |
| A fracture pan is for patients that have had hip or back surgery (Pink Pan) | |
| Urinary output is a FOCUS assessment collecting specimens and testing urine measuring intake and output | |
| A timed urinary collection is 24 hours | |
| Urinary retention is the inability to empty the bladder at all or completely empty | |
| Residual urine is urine that remains in the bladder after the patient voids | |
| Nocturia is when a patient wakes often during the night to urinate | |
| Urinary Incontinence is the inability to control passage of urine | |
| Tupes of Incontinence are Stress Urge (overactive bladder) Mixed Incontinence Functional Incontinence didn't reach bthrm Total Incontinence Overflow Incontinence Neuropathic Incontinence issue with the nerves | |
| Nursing Intervention to manage Incontinence Kegel Exercises Bladder Training: 64oz of fluid a day Avoid caffeinated beverages Offer fluids throughout the day Assist patient to bathroom or bedpan Mimic patient's normal voiding pattern | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) are results from the breakdown of the protein by the body (8 to 21mg/dl in adults) | |
| Abnormal BUN may reflect infection or some degree of renal impairment | |
| Creatinine is the waste product excreted by the kidneys (0.6 to 21 mg/dl in an adult male and 0.5 to 1.11 mg/dl in adult female) | |
| An increase in creatinine in the blood usually indicates decreased or impaired renal function | |
| Types of Catheters are Straight Catheters known as single lumen catheters (one time) sterile Indwelling Catheters known as double lumen or Foley catheters (ballon) | |
| Three-Way Catheters are known as triple-lumen catheters or Alcock catheters (prostate) Coude' Catheters used to for enlarged prostates (curved tip) Suprapubic Catheters are placed after trauma or surgery (cannot use indwelling) | |
| Condom Catheters known as Texas catheters (incontinent of urine to avoid risk of infection) sheath like catheter | |
| Urinary diversion is urine that is eliminated by an alternative route rather traveling through the bladder | |
| Ileal Conduit are ureters that are attached to a section of the small intestine that has been used to create a pouch and stoma where urine is eliminated | |
| Continent urostomy is a surgically created pouch whereby ureters are diverted to empty | |
| Orthotopic bladder substitutions are substitute bladders that are created from the large or small intestine, ureters are diverted to it, and it is connected to the urethras | |
| Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are presences of pathogens within the urinary tract Cystitis (urinary bladder) Pyelonephritis (kidney) Enterobacteria (from bowel) | |
| Symptoms of UTIs are Dysuria Urinary frequency Urgency Nocturia Low abdominal pain Incontinence | |
| UTI Treatments are Rest Increased fluids Antibiotics Urinary Analgesics | |
| Approximately 80% of UTIs are caused by bacteria from bowel as known as ENTEROBACTERIA | |
| Contamination of the catheter or sterile field can lead to a catheter-associated UTI | |
| Your sterile technique helps to prevent hospital-acquired UTIs. | |
| A child may need a size 8 French, while an adult may need a size 14 or size 16 French. | |
| When a patient in long-term care or home care has had an indwelling catheter for several years, it may be necessary to use even larger sizes, such as 20 or 22 French, because the urethra and cystourethral junction stretch over time. | |
| A 22-cm length catheter would be appropriate for a female, while a 40-cm length would be appropriate for a male. | |
| The size is denoted with a number followed by French (Fr), which is the scale of measurement for urinary catheters. | |
| Overdistention of the bladder can potentially rupture the bladder if the urine lumen remains clogged. | |
| Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is one option for treating benign prostatic hypertrophy. | |
| Weight gain of 2lbs equals about a liter of water | |
| Rapid weight gain such as 2 or 3 lbs. gained overnight, usually indicates fluid retention | |
| Patients who urinate with increased frequency may be exhibiting symptoms of a UTI, bladder inflammation, or diabetes mellitus. | |
| Red or reddish-brown Blood, sulfa drug | |
| Bright orangey-red Pyridium (anesthetic drug for urinary burning) | |
| Yellowish- or greenish brown Bile in urine | |
| Green Pseudomonas infection of urinary tract | |
| Fecal odor Rectal fistula | |
| You may do a quick test of urine for abnormal findings using reagent strips, commonly referred to as urine dipsticks |
Created by:
Daarina Jones