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BIO101 CH3 Obj 1

QuestionAnswer
What are the 3 major parts of a cell? Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane.
What is the nucleus? Inner part of the cell, contains genetic material, directs cell’s activities.
What is the cytoplasm? Consists of organelles with specific functions, suspended in a liquid called cytosol.
What is the cell membrane? Outer boundary of the cell, maintains integrity of cell.
What does selectively permeable mean? Regulates entry and exit of substances.
What is the phospholipid bilayer? Cell membrane framework.
What is cytosol? Fluid portion of the cytoplasm.
What are organelles? Tiny solid structures with specific functions in the cell.
What are ribosomes? Composed of protein and RNA, free in cytoplasm or on RER, provide structural support and enzyme activity to link amino acids in protein synthesis.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? Membrane-bound sacs, canals, vesicles; tubular transport system.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)? Contains ribosomes; conducts protein synthesis.
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? Does not have ribosomes; conducts lipid synthesis; phospholipids and cholesterol to produce bilayer or hormones.
What are vesicles? Membranous sacs; store or transport substances.
What is the Golgi apparatus? Sacs of flattened membranous sacs; refines, packages, and delivers proteins made on the RER; "Post office."
What are mitochondria? Membrane-bound, fluid-filled sacs; make energy; house chemical reactions that extract energy from nutrients (cellular respiration, which produces ATP); called the "powerhouse of the cell."
What are lysosomes? Small membranous sacs; contain enzymes that digest proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, bacteria, debris, worn out cell parts; "Garbage disposals" of the cell.
What are peroxisomes? Membranous sacs similar to lysosomes; contain enzymes that digest lipids, alcohol, and hydrogen peroxide.
Which do humans have more of, cilia or flagella? Cilia.
What are microfilaments? Tiny rods of actin; provide cellular movement, such as muscle contraction.
What are microtubules? Larger tubes of tubulin; rigidity maintains cell shape; make up cilia, flagella, and centrioles; help move organelles.
What are intermediate filaments? Composed of several proteins; a cytoskeletal structure; support nuclear envelope.
What is the nuclear envelope? Double-layered membrane surrounding nucleus; separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm; nuclear pores allow passage of certain substances between nucleus and cytoplasm; lets out RNA but not DNA.
What is the nucleolus? Dense body of RNA and protein; site of ribosome production.
What is chromatin? Consists of the cell’s chromosomes, each containing DNA wound around proteins; stores information for protein synthesis.
Created by: jullian18
 

 



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