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Tectonic Hazards
Science Unit 5 Lesson 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the thin layer of rock that makes Earth’s surface? | Crust |
| What is crust? (Not the outside of a sandwich…) | The thin layer of rock that makes Earth’s surface |
| What are large pieces of rock called? | Tectonic plates |
| What are tectonic plates? | Large pieces of rock |
| What do tectonic plates do? | Move a few centimeters every year |
| How far do tectonic plates move every year? | A few centimeters |
| How do tectonic plates move? | Push, pull, or slide |
| What is a fault? | A crack in the crust where two sides slide past each other |
| What is a crack in the crust where two sides slide past each other? | Fault |
| What happens when the stress of moving plates releases? | An earthquake |
| What causes an earthquake? | The stress of moving plates being released |
| What does an earthquake cause? | The crust to shake |
| What is it called when crust shakes? | Earthquake |
| What is a hazard? | A danger to humans |
| What are dangers to humans called? | Hazards |
| What does the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale measure? | Rates the damage of earthquakes |
| How is an earthquake’s intensity measure? | By its magnitude |
| How do you write magnitude? | M |
| If an earthquake has a high magnitude, what does that mean for hazards for people? | They are higher |
| What happens in an earthquake with a M3.0? | Nothing- we don’t usually feel them |
| What can an earthquake with M5.0 do? | Cause buildings to rattle, knock pictures off walls, or cause minor damage |
| What magnitude an above is considered a serious earthquake? | M6.0 and above |
| What damage can serious earthquakes cause? | Buildings to crumble, bridges to fall, roads to be torn apart |
| What is another major hazard of an earthquake (besides physical damages to buildings and roads) | Fire |
| What was the magnitude of the 2011 Japanese earthquake? | M9.1 |
| What did the 2011 Japanese earthquake cause? | Tsunami |
| What is a tsunami? | A massive wave that can cause damage when it reaches land |
| What is a massive wave that can cause damage when it reaches land? | Tsunami |
| What causes movement of the ocean to form large waves? | Movement in the sea floor |
| What direction do the waves move when the sea floor moves? | All directions |
| What causes a large movement of water? | Two tectonic plates sliding past one another |
| What happens when two tectonic plates slide past one another? | Large movement of water |
| How fast can tsunamis move? | 600 miles per hour (mph) |
| How high was the 2011 Japanese tsunami? | 128ft |
| What happens to the tsunami waves when they reach the coast? | Move slower |
| When tsunami waves move slower, what happens? | The wave gets bigger |
| What is a volcano? | An opening in the Earth’s crust that allows super-heated materials from beneath to reach the surface |
| What is an opening the Earth’s crust that allows super-heated materials from beneath to reach the surface? | volcano |
| What is an eruption? | A release of volcanic material |
| What is a release of volcanic material? | Eruption |
| How long can a volcanic eruption take? | Minutes, hours, or longer |
| How long have Hawaii’s Kilauea volcanoes been erupting? | Since 1983 |
| What are hazards from lava? | Buildings, plants & trees will burn |
| What happens when lava cools? | It forms rocks |
| How does an ash cloud move? | Quickly |
| What is another hazard from a volcano, besides lava? | An ash cloud |
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