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xray final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| all things can be classified as either ______ or ______ | matter, energy |
| potential energy is the ability to do work by virtue of ________ | position |
| kinetic energy is considered the energy of ______ | motion |
| radiation is simply energy that is emitted and transferred through: | space |
| matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it is said to be: | irradiated |
| ionizing radiation is any type of radiation that is able to remove an orbital ________ from the atom it interacts with | electron |
| ALARA stands for | as low as reasonably achievable |
| cardinal principles of radiation control are | time distance shielding |
| # of stages an exposure switch has? | 2 |
| circuit that converts AC into pulsating DC | rectifier |
| what wave has the least amount of ripple? | high frequency |
| the technologist uses the _______ console to set kVp, mA, and exposure time | control |
| what is the mAs formula | mA x time (seconds) |
| this cardinal principle of radiation control uses items such as lead aprons and lead gloves | shielding |
| what device restricts the size of the useful xray beam to dimensions necessary? | collimation/collimator |
| what describes the amount of radiation absorbed by the patient | Rad |
| what type of Xray examination produces moving, real-time images? | fluoroscopy |
| a lead lined apron is an example of | protective apparel |
| xrays are produced when fast moving _________ slam into a metal object | electrons |
| 3 main components of an xray imaging system | tube, operating console, high voltage generator |
| the xray tube is similar to a diode. it has an anode and _______ | cathode |
| describe the inverse square law | the further you are from the source, the less radiation you get |
| what type of energy produces xrays | electromagnetic |
| radiation intensity follows the _______ ______ law | inverse square |
| most sensitive trimester to radiation | 1st |
| first known death via xray happened in ____ | 1904 |
| energy of ionizing radiation starts between __ electron volts and __ electron volts | 10, 33 |
| how many shells does tungsten have | 6 |
| how many protons and electrons does tungsten have | 74 |
| will a dosimeter alarm when detecting a lethal dose? | no |
| the six radiation protection devices/practices? | filtration, collimation, intensifying screens, protective apparel, gonadal shielding, protective barriers |
| what is thermionic emission? | when metal gets hot, it will release electrons |
| lower kVp means electron beam will have more or less penetration? | less |
| 3 types of xray mounts | ceiling, floor, c-arm |
| most of the xray tube heat is dissipated by: | radiation |
| what are the three things that can occur to xray photons when they interact with the human body | scatter, absorption, transmission |
| this scattering is made up of low energy photons that are outside the range for diagnostic imaging and dont reach the image receptor | coherent |
| kVp determines the _______ of xray photos | quality |
| mA determines the ________ of xray photos | quantity |
| the protective housing prevents excessive leakage _________ and prevents electric shock | radiation |
| where xrays exit the tube and is a part of the glass envelope that is thinner than the rest | tube window |
| metallic shroud that contains two filaments | focusing cup |
| the anode heel effect means that the photons on the anode side of the tube has ____ energy than then photons on the cathode side | less |
| the xray beam is made up of: | photons |
| this type of radiation is produced when an electron changes direction due to the attractive force of the nucleus and is responsible for most medical xray | bremsstrahlung |
| the 15% rule in xray? | 15% increase in kVp doubles the mAs |
| type of scatter radiation that occurs when a photon interacts with an electron and transfers part of its energy to the electron. the photon changes direction and has less energy. these photons are the main cause of scatter radiation | compton scattering |
| cardinal principals of radiation are? | time, distance, and shielding |
| tube current is adjusted by controlling the filament _______ | current |
| the four basic tube components | glass envelope, protective housing, anode, cathode |
| type of filtration that more effectively absorbs low energy xray photons before they can interact with the patient or receptor? | added |
| as kVp increases, the energy of the photons produced _________ | increases |
| this type of filtration uses filters | added |
| what type of photon interaction involves an xray interacting with the nucleus directly and making a nuclear fragment? | photodisintegration |
| this type of scatter contributes to fog in the image | compton scattering |
| the cathode is made up of the ________ and ________ ___ | filament, focusing cup |
| this type of filtration exists by the virtue of how it is made | inherent |
| the two primary forms of xray interaction in the diagnostic range are? | compton scattering and photoelectric absorption |
| this only occurs at very high energies used in radiation therapy and in PET scans | pair production |
| only at energies above 10 MeV can __________________ take place | photodisintegration |
| what percent of the kinetic energy of the projectile electrons are converted into xrays? | 1% |
| most of the xrays produced at the target are ______________ | bremsstrahlung |
| a 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to | doubling the mAs |
| most widely used support structure for the xray tube is the: | ceiling |
| the cathode side of the tube should be directed toward the _______ part of the patient | thicker |
| tube failure can occur from | long exposure times |
| a dual focus tube has two | filaments |
| what are the three main reasons for tube failure | arcing, heat, filament |
| without a focusing cup, the electron beam is spread beyond the anode because of mutual electrostatic repulsion among the electrons. true or false | true |
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banditbandit