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BIO101 CH 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 major parts of a cell? | Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane. |
| What is the nucleus? | Inner part of the cell, contains genetic material, directs cell's activities. |
| What is the cytoplasm? | Consists of organelles, with specific functions, suspended in a liquid called cytosol. |
| What is the cell membrane? | Outer boundary of the cell, Maintains integrity of cell. |
| What does selectively permeable mean? | Regulates entry and exit of substances. |
| What is the phospholipid bilayer? | Cell membrane framework. |
| What is cytosol? | Fluid portion of the cytoplasm. |
| What are organelles? | Tiny solid structures with specific functions in the cell. |
| What are ribosomes composed of? | Protein and RNA. |
| Where are ribosomes found? | Free in cytoplasm or on RER. |
| What do ribosomes do? | Provide structural support and enzyme activity to link amino acids in protein synthesis. |
| What is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? | Membrane-bound sacs, canals, vesicles. |
| What is the ER's function? | Tubular transport system. |
| What does the rough ER do? | Contains ribosomes, conducts protein synthesis. |
| What does the smooth ER do? | Does not have ribosomes; conducts lipid synthesis; phospholipids and cholesterol to produce bilayer or hormones. |
| What are vesicles? | Membranous sacs. |
| What do vesicles do? | Store or transport substances. |
| What is the Golgi apparatus? | Sacs of flattened, membranous sacs. |
| What does the Golgi apparatus do? | Refines, packages, and delivers proteins made on the RER. |
| What is the Golgi apparatus called? | Post office. |
| What are mitochondria? | Membrane-bound, fluid-filled sacs, makes energy. |
| What do mitochondria do? | House chemical reactions that extract energy from nutrients (cellular respiration, which produces ATP). |
| What are mitochondria called? | The "powerhouse of the cell". |
| What are lysosomes? | Small membranous sacs. |
| What do lysosomes contain? | Enzymes that digest proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, bacteria, debris, worn out cell parts. |
| What are lysosomes called? | "Garbage disposals" of cell. |
| What are peroxisomes? | Membranous sacs similar to lysosomes. |
| What do peroxisomes contain? | Enzymes that digest lipids, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide. |
| Who has more cilia? | Humans have more cilia. |
| What are microfilaments? | Tiny rods of actin. |
| What do microfilaments do? | Provide cellular movement, such as muscle contraction. |
| What are microtubules? | Larger tubes of tubulin. |
| What do microtubules do? | Rigidity maintains cell shape. |
| What structures are made of microtubules? | Cilia, flagella, and centrioles. |
| What else do microtubules do? | Help move organelles. |
| What are intermediate filaments composed of? | Several proteins. |
| What are intermediate filaments? | A cytoskeletal structure. |
| What do intermediate filaments do? | Support nuclear envelope. |
| What is the nuclear envelope? | Double-layered membrane surrounding nucleus. |
| What does the nuclear envelope do? | Separates nucleoplasm from cytoplasm. |
| What are nuclear pores? | Channels that allow passage of certain substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm; lets out RNA but not DNA. |
| What is the nucleolus? | Dense body of RNA and protein. |
| What is the nucleolus the site of? | Ribosome production. |
| What is chromatin? | Consists of cell's chromosomes, each containing DNA wound around proteins. |
| What does chromatin do? | Stores information for protein synthesis. |
| Which methods of transport do not require energy? | Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, filtration. |
| What is diffusion? | Movement of atoms, molecules, or ions, from region of higher concentration to region of lower concentration (higher to lower). |
| What is osmosis? | Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from region of higher water concentration to region of lower water concentration (water related). |
| What is osmosis often called? | Diffusion of water. |
| What is an isotonic solution? | Same osmotic pressure; cells in an isotonic solution have no net gain or loss of water. |
| What is a hypotonic solution? | Lower osmotic pressure; cells in a hypotonic solution gain water. |
| What is a hypertonic solution? | Higher osmotic pressure; cells in a hypertonic solution lose water. |
| What is filtration? | Process that forces molecules through membranes by exerting pressure (pressure related). |
| What is filtration like? | Like washing quinoa or rice through a colander. |
| What is filtration used for? | Used to separate solids from water, or small particles from large ones. |
| What is active transport? | Requires ATP energy, movement of substances across a membrane from region of lower concentration to region of higher concentration (against concentration gradient). |
| What is pinocytosis? | Membrane engulfs droplets of liquid. |
| What is phagocytosis? | Membrane engulfs solid particles. |
| What is endocytosis? | Movement of a substance into the cell inside a vesicle. |
| What substances enter by endocytosis? | Substances too large to enter by other methods can enter cell this way. |
| What is mitosis? | Division of nucleus. |
| What happens during interphase? | Getting ready and duplicating. |
| What happens during prophase? | Get rid of nuclear envelope and make spindle fibers. |
| What happens during metaphase? | Middle, all chromosomes line up at center. |
| What happens during anaphase? | Split apart from any side of cell. |
| What happens during telophase? | Opposite of prophase, finish cytokinesis, put back nuclear envelope. |
| What is cytokinesis? | Occurs during anaphase, splits cytoplasm in half. |
| What is apoptosis? | Programmed cell death. |
Created by:
jullian18