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muscles quiz 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| define tendon? | a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| define motor unit? | a single motor nerve cell (motor neuron) and all the muscle fibers it connects to and controls |
| define hypertrophy? | larger size – often due to exercise and increase work load on a muscle or anabolic steroids |
| what are the 6 functions of muscles? | Movement, Posture, Stabilizes Joints, Heat, Storage |
| what are the components of a sarcomere? | Z disc, A band, H band, i band, M line |
| list the proteins in the muscle and their roles PAGE 314 | Contractile proteins, Myosin, Actin, regulatory protiens, Tropomyosin, Troponin, Structural proteins, Titin, α-Actinin, Myomesin, Nebulin, Dystrophin |
| summerize the connective tissue layers of muscle | myofibriils, sarcoplasmic reticulum, sarcoplasma, endomysium, fascicle, epimysium, muscle |
| describe steps involved in muscle contraction | 1: myosin hydrolyzes ATP and becomes energized and oriented 2:myosin binds to actin forming crossbridge 3:myosin pivots pulling thin filament past thick filament toward center of sarcomere (power stroke) 4:myosin binds ATP crossbridge detaches actin |
| define hypertonia | an abnormal increase in muscle tension and a reduced ability of a muscle to stretch |
| define hypotonia | abnormally low muscle tone |
| explain 3 ways muscles obtain ATP | Creatine phosphate • Anaerobic glycolysis • Aerobic respiration |
| contrast isotonic vs isometric contractions | Isotonic – tension is constant while muscle length changes Isometric – muscle contracts but does not change length |
| define eccentric exercise | the lengthening phase of a muscle movement under load |
| define concentric exercise | a type of muscle movement where your muscle shortens as it builds force to lift |
| what happens to muscle as you age? | 30–50 years of age, about 10% of our muscle tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue. Between 50–80 years of age another 40% of our muscle tissue is replaced |
| summerize events at a neuromuscular junction that causes a action potential? | 1: resulting in calcium influx. This causes exocytosis of a neurotransmitter (NT) into synaptic clef 2:NT binds to ligand-gated Na+ channels, causes an influx of Na+ 3:This depolarizes muscle results Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum 3:NT brk |
| what is the difference between smooth cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle? | smooth: non-striated involuntary visceral (organ walls) cardiac: striated involuntary visceral (heart skeletal: striated voluntary bony skeletal |
| explain the regenerative capabilities of muscle tissue? | Skeletal muscle tissue heals well using special stem cells called satellite cells |
| explain the relationship between the length of a muscle and its ability to produce tension | The force of a muscle contraction depends on the length of the sarcomeres in a muscle prior to contraction |
| compare three types of skeletal muscle fibres (SO, FOG, FG) | slow oxidative fast oxidative glycolytic fast glycolytic |
| what are the 4 properties of muscles? | Excitability, Contractility, Extensibility, Elasticity |
| describe the A band of a sarcomere? | Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that separate one sarcomere from the next |
| describe the H band of a sarcomere? | Narrow region in center of each A band that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments |
| describe the i band of a sarcomere? | Lighter, less dense area of sarcomere that contains remainder of thin filaments but no thick filaments. A Z disc passes through center of each I band |
| describe the M line of a sarcomere? | Region in center of H zone that contains proteins that hold thick filaments together at center of sarcomere. |
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