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blood gases

QuestionAnswer
pH reference range 7.35 - 7.45
PCO2 reference range 35-45 mmHg
PO2 reference range 80-110 mmHg
HCO3 reference range 22-26 mmHg
base excess calculation measured pH - desired pH
base excess should be -2.0 to +2.0 mEq/L
what is the main plasma buffer system bicarb/ carbonic acid buffer system
chloride shift as HCO3 moves out of RBCs, Cl moves in to relieve acidosis and maintain electroneutrality and pH
main kidney buffer system phosphate system
phosphate system in acidic situations, HPO4 + OH --> H2PO4 and in alkalic situations, H2PO4 + OH --> HPO4 + H2O
as pH ___, ammonia ___ decreases; increases
metabolic pH and HCO3 go in the same directions
respiratory pH and PCO2 go in opposite directions
respiratory acidosis: pH ____, PCO2 ______ pH decreased, PCO2 increased
respiratory alkalosis: pH _____, PCO2 ______ pH increased, PCO2 decreased
compensation for respiratory alkalosis kidneys excrete HCO3, retain H
compensation for respiratory acidosis kidneys retain HCO3, excrete H
compensation for metabolic acidosis hyperventilation --> blow off CO2
compensation for metabolic alkalosis hypoventilation --> hold onto CO2
henderson hasselbalch equation pH = pk + log (conjugate base)/(acid)
oxyhemoglobin oxygen reversibly bound to hemoglobin
deoxyhemoglobin hemoglobin not bound to oxygen, but capable
carboxyhemoglobin hemoglobin bound to carbon monoxide
methemoglobin hemoglobin unable to bind oxygen cause iron is oxidized to the ferric form
compensation body attempting to get back to normal levels
primary compensation original root cause of the imbalance
secondary compensation physiological reaction to return pH to normal
partial compensation body is trying to fix imbalance, but pH is out of range
complete compensation pH is normal, PaCO2 and HCO3 are out of range
specimen requirements arterial whole blood (capillary used for babies), lyophilized heparin, ice slurry (decreases oxygen consumption)
what does excess heparin do to CO2 decreases it
tonometry toning a sample of blood with standard gases of known concentrations
shift to the right decreased affinity for hemoglobin; increased P50
shift to the left increased affinity for hemoglobin: decreased P50
electrode for PO2 clark
PCO2 electrode severinghaus
Created by: kingsleya27
 

 



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