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Civics Testing Out
Test: 8/3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| John Locke's Main Contributions | Life, liberty, and property as natural rights |
| Montesquieu's Main Contributions | The idea of having separation of powers |
| Thomas Hobbes's Main Contributions | The use of social contracts for peace |
| Thomas Paine's Main Contributions | The idea of having a Democratic Republic with consent from the governed |
| Legitimacy | Popular acceptance of a government's right to rule |
| Power | The ability to make decisions & influence behavior |
| Sovereignty | The ability to have a government rule itself without outside help |
| State of Nature | Human existence without any political association |
| Unalienable Rights | All freedoms people have for being human |
| Failure of the AoC- Cannot Amend the Document | Now only needing 3/4s vote from states and votes from congress |
| Failure of the AoC- Cannot Regulate Interstate Trade | Now having a unified currency and imposing taxes |
| Failure of the AoC- Needing 9/13 States to Pass New Laws | Now having The Senate and House of Representative |
| Failure of the AoC- Not having Executive or Judicial Branches | Now having 3 Different Branches with Different Powers |
| 1st Amendment | Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition |
| 4th Amendment | No unlawful search and seizure |
| 5th Amendment | Capital crimes must be tried under grand juries, no double jeopardy, cannot incriminate yourself, there must be due process |
| 6th Amendment | Right to a speedy trial, impartial jury in the area, must have a public defender, witnesses must testify |
| 7th Amendment | Guarantees a right to a jury trial for civil cases over $20 |
| 8th Amendment | No excessive fines, or cruel or unusual punishments |
| 9th Amendment | The rights of Americans are not limited to those specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
| 10th Amendment | Power not specifically given to the federal government is given to the states and the people |
| 14th Amendment | Anyone born in the US is a citizen, all men can vote, no states can pay for the loss caused by the end of slavery, no laws can be passed that discriminate on a group of people |
| 17th Amendment | Senators are elected by popular vote |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Ended Segregation in Public Schools |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | All cases must get public defenders |
| Korematsu v. USA | Protection against espionage is more important than personal liberty (later overturned) |
| Marbury v. Madison | The Supreme Court can stop laws from being passed if they don't follow the Constitution |
| Miranda v. Arizona | You must be informed of your Constitutional Rights while in custody |
| Texas v. Johnson | Flag burning is protected under the 1st Amendment |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | Students still maintain freedom of speech while in school |
| USA v. Nixon | No president is above the law |
| Unitary Government Structure | A single central government holds all power, local government can only have power that is specifically given to them |
| Federal Government Structure | Sovereignty is shared between both central and local governments each with their own specific powers |
| Confederal Government Structure | A weak central government with states having primary control |
| Representative Democracy Pros | Practical, expertise, accountability through reelection (or lackthereof) |
| Representative Democracy Cons | Underrepresentation, limited voter choice, corruption |
| Direct Democracy Pros | Equal weight, will of the majority, transparency |
| Direct Democracy Cons | Threat to minorities, oversimplification, voter fatigue |
| Federal Power | Declaring wars, coining money, regulating commerce |
| State Power | All powers not delegated to the federal government under the 10th Amendment |
| Enumerated Powers and 10th Amendment | These work together to ensure that the federal government has more power, and that states hold lesser, but important regulations for a sense of balance |
| Why was the Declaration of Independence written? | To have The USA become an independent nation from Britain |
| Complains in the Declaration of Independence | Taxation without representation, no trade, no local government, etc. |
| Enlightenment ideas in the Declaration of Independence | Natural rights, "all men are created equal", life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness |
| Federalists | Wanted a strong federal government, supported the Constitution |
| Anti-Federalists | Wanted strong state government, supported the Bill of Rights |
| Federalists on Factions | Viewed factions as a part of life, but wanted to minimize their effects by way of representative government |
| Faction | A group of people with dissimilar goals from the majority |
| Washington's feelings on factions and political parties | Disliked political parties and factions, wanted people to work for the good of the country, not a specific political group. He observed this seeing Founding Fathers argue |
| Were political parties considered when the Constitution was written? | Political parties were not in mind when writing the Constitution |
| New Jersey Plan | 1 House legislature with equal votes |
| Virginia Plan | 2 House legislature based on state population |
| Connecticut/Great Compromise | Has Senate, which each state has 2 representatives for, and the House of Representatives, which is based on state population |
| 19th Amendment | Allowed for women's sufferage |
| 14th Amendment in Brown v. Board | Showed that the schools that were segregated were not equal and the 14th Amendment demands equal treatment of all people, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson's ruling of "separate, but equal" |
| Republican View on Abortion | Generally oppose abortion access |
| Democrat View on Abortion | Views it as a fundamental human right and support access |
| Republican View on Gay Rights | Generally oppose rights, limiting personal freedom |
| Democrat View on Gay Rights | Generally supportive, wanting equality for all including marriage and family rights |
| Republican View on Healthcare | Free market solutions, reducing healthcare tax payer money, having state level control |
| Democrat View on Healthcare | Public access to healthcare for all people, but both parties agree on lowering the cost of healthcare |
| Republican View on Immigration | Reducing both legal and illegal immigration |
| Democrat View on Immigration | Generally wanting to help people obtain legal citizenship and reform to how immigration is carried out |
| Purpose of the Legislative Branch | To make and pass laws based on the people's voice |
| Selecting the Leaders of the House and Senate | The leaders of the House (speaker of the house, majority and minority leaders) are elected by members in the house. In the Senate, election works the same way, but only with maj. and min. leaders |
| Why is the House of Reps closer to Constituents? | They have shorter terms and focus more on local problems compared to Senate |
| Does the House or Senate have unlimited debate? | The Senate Does |
| How many members does the House of Representatives have? | 435 |
| How many members does the Senate have? | 100 |
| Contradiction between incumbent reelection and approval ratings | While congress has about a 20% approval rate, it's incumbent reelection rate is 90%, this is because people often approve of one specific law maker while disliking the rest of Congress |
| Lame duck politician | An elected official seen as having little power if they are soon to be out of office and their predecessor is already elected |
| Gerrymander | The act of changing district boundaries to favor one political group over another |
| Filibuster | The act of delaying or preventing voting on a bill by having endless speeches |
| Liberal take on Immigration | Human rights being first and foremost, opening pathways to citizenship |
| Liberal take on Healthcare | Universal coverage, costing less money on average for citizens |
| Conservative take on Immigration | Increasing border security, supporting deportation, generally having less immigration |
| Conservative take on Healthcare | Having limited government involvement, and having individual responsibility |
| Limited knowledge on public opinion | The wording of questions, contradicting beliefs, the silent majority, and limited knowledge from voters all contribute to a lack of clear opinion |
| Roles of Conference Committees in Lawmaking | Identify disagreements between The House and Senate, compromising, finalizing, then sending the new law to be approved or vetoed |
| Purpose of Executive Branch | To approve and enforce laws, foreign diplomacy, and national defense |
| Process of Impeachment | Investigation for wrong-doing, charges, house vote (over 50%), trial, and verdict (2/3 of senate, then out of office) |
| Why is the President the Commander in Chief but not in the military | This allows for more civilian control, and because someone in the military could overthrow the government if they had sole control |
| What can the President do with laws? | They cannot make laws, but they can veto them, sign them into law, and suggest them |
| Why does the President appoint those in the Cabinet? | They are the ones responsible for addressing important issues and advising the president on how to handle them |
| Formal Treaty Signing Process | This needs 2/3 vote from Senate, then becomes permanent |
| Executive Agreement Signing Process | No ratification from Senate, a majority vote from the House and Senate, less permanent |
| Purpose of the Judicial Branch | Interpret laws passed by Congress, apply them to individual cases, check to see if they align with the Constitution |
| Judicial Activism | Adapts laws to fit modern values, willing to overturn old ruling if they are unjust/outdated, regularly checks on other branches |
| Judicial Restriant | Relies on original test and intent, maintains the verdict of previous decisions, assumes all actions are constitutional unless proven otherwise |
| Power of Original Jurisdiction | A court's authority to hear and decide a case for the first time |
| Criticisms of the Supreme Court's Makeup of Justices | There is a conservative supermajority (6-3) which skews the court ideologically |
| How and Why the Court Uses Judicial Review | To have checks and balances, uphold the Constitution, and protect individual rights, they do this to pass and approve of laws |
| Supremacy Clause | If a state law is conflicting with a federal law, the federal law holds precedence |
Created by:
SadUrn