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AP Human summer set
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Human Geography | One of the two major divisions of geography; the spatial analysis of human population, its culture, activities, and landscape. |
| Globalization | The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact |
| Physical Geography | One of the two major divisions of systematic geography; spatial analysis of the structure, processes, and location of the Earth's natural phenomena such as climate, soil, plants, animals, and topography |
| Scale | Representation or a real world phenomena at a certain level |
| Spatial Distribution | Physical location of geographic phenomena across space |
| Medical Geography | The study of health and disease within a geographic context and from a geographical perspective |
| Pattern | The design of a spatial distribution |
| Pandemic | An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide |
| Epidemic | Regional outbreak of a disease |
| Spatial Perspective | Observing variations in geographic phenomena across space |
| Location theory | A logical attempt to explain the locational pattern of an economic activity and the manner in which its producing areas are interrelated |
| Sense of Place | State of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion by remembering important events that occurred in that place or by labeling a place with a certain character |
| Perceptions of places | Belief or understanding about a place developed through books, movies, stories or pictures |
| Movement | The mobility of people, goods and ideas across the surface of the plant |
| Spatial Interaction | Movement between places |
| Connectivity | The degree of direct linkage between one particular lo9cation and other locations in a transport network |
| Cultural Landscape | The visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape |
| Sequent Occupancy | The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape |
| Cartography | The art and science of making, including data compilation, layout and design. |
| Reference Maps | Maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features determined by a frame of reference, typically latitude and longitude |
| Thematic Maps | Maps that tell stories, typically showing the degree of some attribute or the movement of a geographic phenomenon |
| Absolute Location | The position or place of a certain item on the surface of the Earth as expressed in degrees, minutes and seconds latitude and longitude |
| Global Positioning System | Satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features |
| Geocaching | A hunt for a cache, the Global Positioning System coordinates which are placed on the Interment by other geocachers. |
| Relative Location | The regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places |
| Mental Maps | Image or picture of the way space is organized as determined by an individual's perception, impression and knowledge of that space |
| Activity Spaces | The space within which daily activity occurs |
| Generalized map | Information on the map is not specific |
| Remote Sensing | A method of collecting data or information through the use of instruments that is physically distant from the area or object of study |
| Geographic Information Systems | A collection of computer hardware and software that permits spatial data to be collected, recorded, stored, retrieved, manipulated, analyzed, and displayed to the user. |
| Rescale | Involvement of players at other scales to generate support for a position or an initiative |
| Formal region | A type of region marked by a certain degree of homogeneity in one or more phenomena |
| Functional region | A region defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occur within it |
| Perceptual Region | A region that only exists as a conceptualization or an idea and not as a physically demarcated entity |
| Culture Complex | A related set of cultural traits |
| Cultural hearth | Heartland, source area, innovation center; place of origin of a major culture |
| Culture trait | A single element of normal practice in a culture |
| Cultural Diffusion | The expansion and adoption of a cultural element, from its place of origin to a wider area |
| Independent Invention | The term for the trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other |
| Time Distance Decay | The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source. |
| Cultural Barrier | Prevailing cultural attitude rendering certain innovations, ideas or practices unacceptable in that particular culture. |
| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination |
| Contagious Diffusion | The distance- controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person |
| Hierarchical Diffuision | A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples |
| Stimulus Diffusion | A form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place |
| Relocation diffusion | Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to the new ones |
| Environmental determinism | The view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects if human life, including cultural development |
| Isotherms | Line on a map connecting points of equal temperature values |
| Possibilism | Geographic viewpoint that holds that human decision making is the crucial factor in cultural development |
| Cultural Ecology | The multiple interaction and relationships between a culture and the natural environment |
| Political Ecology | An approach to studying nature-society relations that is concerned with the ways in which environmental issues both reflect and are the result of the political and socioeconomic contexts in which they are situated |
| Qualitative Data | Data that can be arranged into categories based on physical traits, gender, colors or anything that does not have a number associated with it |
| Quantitative Data | Data that can be counted or measured and therefore numbers |
| Sustainability | The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level |
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