Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch 18 - 24 Study S.G
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 7 Major Groups of Microorganisms | Bacteria (cocci/bacilli/spirilla), Viruses (microscopic host-dependent), Fungi (yeasts/molds), Protozoa (single-celled animals), Algae, Rickettsiae (intracellular parasites), and Prions (infectious proteins). |
| Viral Hepatitis Types (A, B, C, D, E) | HAV (fecal-oral, vaccine available), HBV (bloodborne, vaccine available), HCV (bloodborne, no vaccine), HDV (co-infection with HBV), HEV (fecal-oral). |
| Herpes Simplex Virus Types | HSV-1 causes oral cold sores and herpetic whitlow on fingers; HSV-2 causes genital herpes. |
| HIV and AIDS | HIV is a bloodborne virus attacking T-cells; AIDS is the terminal stage when the immune system is severely compromised. |
| Varicella-Zoster and Epstein-Barr Viruses | Varicella-Zoster causes chickenpox and shingles; Epstein-Barr causes infectious mononucleosis and hairy leukoplakia. |
| Normal Flora vs. Opportunistic Infection | Normal flora are beneficial microbes normally on/in the body; opportunistic infections occur when normal flora or low-virulence microbes attack a weakened immune system. |
| Bacterial Diseases in Dentistry | TB (airborne droplet, resistant to disinfectants), Legionnaires (Legionella in water lines), Tetanus (anaerobic spore wound infection), Syphilis (oral chancres), MRSA (drug-resistant staph). |
| Epidemic vs. Endemic vs. Pandemic | Endemic is constant disease presence in a region; Epidemic is a sudden rapid outbreak in a population; Pandemic is a worldwide epidemic. |
| PPE Donning and Doffing Sequence | Donning: Gown -> Mask -> Eyewear -> Hand Hygiene -> Gloves. Doffing: Gloves -> Eyewear -> Gown -> Mask -> Hand Hygiene. |
| Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister | Pasteur is the Father of Microbiology (pasteurization/vaccines); Lister introduced antiseptic surgery techniques. |
| 4 Types of Infection | Acute (severe/short-term), Chronic (long-term/persistent), Latent (dormant/recurrent), Opportunistic (occurs in immunocompromised hosts). |
| 4 Modes of Infection Transmission | Direct contact (person-to-person), Indirect contact (contaminated objects/fomites), Airborne/Droplet/Spatter (aerosols), Parenteral (skin penetration/needlesticks). |
| 4 Types of Immunity | Naturally Acquired Active (from disease), Naturally Acquired Passive (mother to fetus/infant), Artificially Acquired Active (vaccines), Artificially Acquired Passive (antibody injections). |
| 6 Links in the Chain of Infection | Infectious Agent -> Reservoir -> Portal of Exit -> Mode of Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host. |
| Surface Disinfectant Chemicals | Iodophors (can stain), Synthetic Phenolics (leave film), Sodium Hypochlorite (corrosive bleach), Glutaraldehyde (liquid sterilant for heat-sensitive immersion only), Alcohol (not recommended due to fast evaporation). |
| HVE vs. Low-Speed Saliva Ejector | HVE reduces aerosols by up to 90%; Saliva Ejector removes fluids (patients must NOT seal lips around tip to prevent backflow). |
| Antiseptic vs. Disinfectant | Antiseptics are used on living tissue (skin/mucosa); Disinfectants are used on non-living inanimate surfaces. |
| Sterilization Center Workflow and Spaulding Classifications | 4 Areas: Decontamination -> Packaging -> Sterilization -> Storage. Classifications: Critical (penetrates soft tissue/bone -> heat sterilize), Semicritical (touches mucosa -> heat sterilize), Noncritical (intact skin -> surface disinfectant). |
| 7 Steps of Instrument Processing | 1. Transport -> 2. Cleaning -> 3. Packaging -> 4. Sterilization -> 5. Storage -> 6. Delivery -> 7. Quality Assurance. |
| 3 Methods of Precleaning/Decontamination | Ultrasonic cleaning (cavitation, 5-15 mins), Automated washer/disinfector (high temp washing), Manual scrubbing (highest sharps injury risk, requires utility gloves). |
| 3 Main Sterilization Equipment Types | Steam Autoclave (250°F at 15 psi, 15-30 mins; can rust carbon steel), Unsaturated Chemical Vapor (270°F at 20 psi, 20 mins; no rust), Dry Heat (320-375°F for 1-2 hours; slow, no rust). |
| 3 Instrument Sterilization Monitoring Methods | Physical (gauges/displays), Chemical (Process Indicators on package exterior / Process Integrators inside package), Biological (spore testing weekly; only true proof of sterilization). |
| Handpiece Sterilization Maintenance | Flush handpiece lines for 20-30 seconds, clean and lubricate, and heat-sterilize between all patients (NEVER submerge in liquid disinfectant or ultrasonic). |
| Safety and Regulatory Agencies (EPA, CDC, OSHA, OSAP, FDA, NIH) | EPA regulates waste/disinfectants; CDC makes advisory guidelines; OSHA enforces workplace safety/BBP/HCS; OSAP focuses on dental infection control; FDA clears medical devices/PPE; NIH conducts medical research. |
| 4 Classifications of Dental Waste | General (regular trash), Contaminated (contacted fluid/non-infectious), Hazardous (toxic chemicals/lead/amalgam), Infectious/Biohazard/Regulated (blood-soaked, tissue, sharps). |
| Chemical Exposure Routes | Inhalation (breathing vapors/dust), Skin Absorption (direct contact), Ingestion (swallowing via unwashed hands or food). |
| Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and GHS Labels | SDS is a standardized 16-section document detailing hazards, PPE, and spill cleanup. GHS labels require product identifier, signal word (Warning vs Danger), hazard statements, precautionary statements, and pictograms. |
| Sharps Containers and Biohazard Bags | Sharps containers must be rigid, puncture-resistant, leak-proof, color-coded red/yellow, and labeled with biohazard symbol; Biohazard bags are red/yellow for blood-soaked materials and tissue. |
| CFUs and Legionella in DUWLs | CFU (Colony-Forming Unit) measures water bacteria; CDC standard for DUWL water is <= 500 CFU/mL; Legionella is opportunistic waterborne bacteria causing respiratory illness. |
| Suckback and Anti-Retraction Valves | Suckback occurs when negative pressure in saliva ejector draws fluid backward into lines; Anti-retraction valves prevent retraction of oral fluids into handpiece lines. |
| Distilled Water vs. Sterile Water | Distilled water is mineral-free used in self-contained water bottles; Sterile water is completely free of microbes and MUST be used for surgical procedures involving bone or soft tissue incision. |
| Planktonic Bacteria vs. Biofilm | Planktonic bacteria are free-floating in moving water; Biofilm is a sticky bacterial colony attached to the inner walls of dental water tubing. |
| Microfiltration and Atomizer Effect | Microfiltration membrane filters trap bacteria before water exits handpieces; Atomizer effect creates fine aerosol mists from high-speed handpieces and ultrasonic scalers. |
| DUWL Maintenance, Flushing, and Shocking | Flush water lines 20-30 seconds between patients; chemical shocking uses specialized treatments/tablets to strip biofilm; monitor water quality regularly using test kits to maintain <= 500 CFU/mL. |
Created by:
Cocoalover