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patho test prep
pathophysiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A client gets a bee sting and has fast swelling in that area. | * Mast cells release histamine fast. |
| After surgery, a client develops redness and pain around the incision. | * Macrophages call in immune help. |
| A nurse assesses a client with a viral infection. CD8+ T cells are elevated, and localized cell destruction is evident. | Adaptive T cells kill infected cells. |
| A client with no previous exposure to a pathogen develops signs of infection within hours of contact. | *innate cells respond without memory. |
| A client exposed to radiation later develops a tumor. | * DNA damage causes gene mutation. |
| A client with leukemia has many immature white cells in bloodwork. | * Cancer cells fail to mature fully. |
| What helps skeletal muscles move your body? | Muscles pull on bones at the joints. |
| Which skin layer forms the body’s primary protective barrier? | Epidermis forms a tough, outer shield. |
| A patient develops skin breakdown after lying in bed for several days. What condition is this? | Pressure ulcer from skin pressure. |
| Which patient is at highest risk for pressure ulcers? | Bedbound patient with limited mobility. |
| A patient with rheumatoid arthritis has ongoing joint swelling, warmth, and morning stiffness. What inflammatory process is present? | Chronic inflammation with tissue damage. |
| A patient's second-degree burn shows redness, swelling, warmth, and pain. What healing phase is occurring? | Inflammation phase with immune activation. |
| A patient reports worsening knee pain over years, with joint stiffness after activity, and bony enlargement of joints. What condition does this describe? | Chronic degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis). |
| A patient has a new red, warm area on the heel after prolonged immobility in bed. What condition should you suspect? | Acute pressure injury from immobility. |
| A patient demonstrates full active ROM of all lower extremity joints without pain. How would you evaluate their musculoskeletal function? | Normal function — no limitations present. |
| A patient's shoulder has active ROM limited to 45 degrees abduction with pain. How would you evaluate this? | Severe limitation requiring further evaluation. |
| The nurse is reviewing the chart of a client diagnosed with cancer who is experiencing significant weight loss and muscle wasting. Which process should the nurse identify as disrupted cellular regulation affecting internal balance? | Breakdown of protein and fat reserves |
| A nurse is caring for a client recovering from chemotherapy who has developed fatigue and pallor. Which finding should the nurse identify as most consistent with impaired cellular regulation? | Low RBC and Hgb level |
| A nurse is caring for a child receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and notes signs of cellular dehydration. Which principle of diffusion explains this change in the client's status? | Water moves out from cells by gradient |
| A nurse is assessing a client with severe diarrhea who has a serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L. Which intervention should the nurse implement to apply the principles of active transport in correcting this imbalance? | Give IV potassium chloride as ordered |
| A client with a serious infection (sepsis) has a fast heart rate and very low urine output. Which body system response is helping protect blood flow? | Sympathetic nerves tighten the blood vessels |
| A client with vomiting and diarrhea is weak, has low blood pressure (hypotension), and a dry mouth. Which body system will help fix the fluid loss? | Baroreceptors signal brain to release ADH |
| A nurse is teaching about organelles. The student asks how mitochondria affect health. Which inference best connects mitochondria to homeostasis? | They produce ATP used by all cell parts |
| A client with pneumonia reports extreme fatigue. The nurse suspects poor oxygenation. Which analysis best explains why energy production is reduced? | Mitochondria stop aerobic energy creation |
| A diabetic client has slow wound healing and repeated foot infections. Which analysis best links this to altered regulation? | Altered sugar slows immune response |
| A nurse reviews lab results for a client with early-stage liver disease. Cells show fat buildup and slower protein production. Which inference best explains how cell regulation has changed? | Altered cells adjust to lower function |
Created by:
ls99510