Which of the following is an example of diffusion?

Passage of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood

Overinflation of the lungs during inhalation is prevented by the _____.

stimulation of nerve endings in the walls of the lungs

Which of the following is the major reason why tonsils are not surgically removed as frequently today as in the past?

The tonsils perform an important role in the body’s defense against infection.

A major factor that must be overcome for gene therapy to become an effective treatment option is _____.

the body’s natural immune response

Which of the following is a causative factor in the abnormal development of sexual organs?

Sex chromosomes do not split apart when gametes are formed

What is chorionic villi sampling?

Diagnostic test in which fetal cells are removed from the placenta and examined

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BIO 104

Study Final

Question	Answer
Inflammation of the throat caused by bacteria or viruses is _____.	pharyngitis
Cancer cells can become trapped in lymph nodes, which may necessitate surgical removal of the involved lymph nodes.	True
Hodgkin’s disease is usually fatal.	False
Deoxygenated venous blood leaves the liver through the _____, which carries it to the inferior vena cava.	hepatic vein
Quiet breathing at a normal rate is called eupnea.	True
Neurogenic bladder is a condition specifically related to aging.	False
Milk, cheese, and dark green vegetables are good sources of which mineral?	Calcium
The changes experienced during menopause are strictly physical in nature.	False
Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific immune defense?	Skin
Most respiratory infections are caused by bacteria.	False
A rupture, or bursting, of the red blood cell is called hemolysis.	True
Which of the following is an example of diffusion?	Passage of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood
Severe chest pain that occurs when the heart does not receive enough oxygen is called _____.	angina pectoris
Which of the following is an example of an agent in the chain of infection?	A virus
When parents share similar gene pools, their chances of having spontaneous abortions and stillbirths increase.	True
The breakdown in the lining of the endometrium occurs in the _____ stage of the menstrual cycle.	menstruation
Overinflation of the lungs during inhalation is prevented by the _____.	stimulation of nerve endings in the walls of the lungs
A chronic, progressive inflammatory disease that permanently damages the liver is _____.	cirrhosis
The structure that regulates the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum is called the _____ sphincter.	pyloric
Skin cells that undergo random changes as a person ages provide an example of a(n) _____ mutation.	gene
_____ is the most abundant of the plasma proteins.	Albumin
Which of the following foods tends to help lower cholesterol levels?	Oat bran
A stroke is the sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain.	True
Which of the following is the major reason why tonsils are not surgically removed as frequently today as in the past?	The tonsils perform an important role in the body’s defense against infection.
A person’s total cholesterol level should be below _____ mg/dl.	150
Everyone has an Rh factor, which is found on the surface of red blood cells.	False
A major factor that must be overcome for gene therapy to become an effective treatment option is _____.	the body’s natural immune response
Murmurs indicate some defects in the valves of the heart.	True
Alcohol is only absorbed in the small intestine.	False
If transmission-based precautions are used, it is not necessary to use standard precautions.	False
Most inherited mutated genes pass on a beneficial characteristic.	False
In the fetal circulation, blood returns to the placenta via the umbilical veins.	False
A deficiency in the number and/or percentage of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is called _____.	anemia
Which of the following is a causative factor in the abnormal development of sexual organs?	Sex chromosomes do not split apart when gametes are formed
Lethal genes can cause death at any time during the human life cycle, from the zygote stage to a mature adult human being.	True
What is chorionic villi sampling?	Diagnostic test in which fetal cells are removed from the placenta and examined
The digestive juice in the small intestine that breaks down protein into amino acids is _____.	protease
How many cups of fruit are recommended per day for an individual whose normal total caloric intake is about 2,000 calories?	2 cups
Health care workers use a spirometer to measure the _____.	lungs’ capacity for air
A male is considered to be sterile if he produces less than how many spermatozoa in one ml of seminal fluid?	20 million
Water makes up about _____ percent of our total body weight.	55 to 65
Which process is the first step in the formation of urine in the nephrons?	Filtration
All of the inherited traits possessed by offspring are established at the time of fertilization.	True
The Purkinje fibers are located in the atria.	False
Health care professionals who carefully follow prescribed precautions are at very low risk of contracting HIV from patients.	True
The prostate gland is about the size and shape of a pear.	False
The best way to prevent tapeworms is to	cook all meats adequately.
Sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids.	True
Which organ performs the major role in excreting nitrogenous wastes and excess water from the body?	Kidneys
External respiration involves the use of oxygen to release energy stored in nutrient molecules such as glucose.	False
Septicemia is the presence of pathogenic organisms or toxins in the blood.	True
The most common symptom of congenital heart defect is _____.	cyanosis
Most infectious diseases are transmitted through direct contact, such as touching someone or kissing them.	False
A zygote is a(n) _____.	fertilized egg cell
Most microorganisms have the ability to cause disease in humans.	False
The recommended and toxic levels of many trace elements are very close in quantity.	True
Cerebral hemorrhage refers to bleeding from the blood vessels within the brain.	True
Caffeine increases the loss of sodium ions, thus increasing the loss of water.	True
The male sex hormone is called _____.	testosterone
Testosterone is secreted only as needed for the creation of sperm in the male.	False
A mutagenic agent _____.	increases the occurrence of mutations
Chemical control of respiration is dependent on the level of carbon dioxide in the blood.	True
It is not uncommon for a person who contracts HIV to live without serious symptoms for as long as 10 years.	True
The vermiform appendix has no known function in the digestive process.	True
Cardiac muscle tissue, or _____, makes up the major portion of the heart.	myocardium
The purpose of the uvula is to help prevent food from entering the windpipe when swallowing.	False
It is normal for freshly voided urine to contain a significant amount of bacteria.	False
The function of the thymus is to produce lymph fluid.	False
The adult alimentary canal, from the mouth to the anus, is about how many feet long?	30
Intentionally introducing new characteristics or attributes into an organism is known as genetic engineering.	True
Someone with a blood pressure of 130/90, has a pulse pressure of _____.	40 mm Hg
The purpose of residual air in the lungs is to _____.	allow the continuous exchange of gases between breaths
The characteristic symptoms of inflammation are redness, local heat, swelling, and pain.	True
Statins are drugs that may be used to lower cholesterol levels.	True
Which of the following best describes the location of the apex of the heart?	It lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body.
Peritoneal dialysis is controlled mainly by patients.	True
An immunoglobulin is a protein that functions specifically as an antibody.	True
_____ is the death of body tissue as a result of an insufficient blood supply caused by disease or injury.	Gangrene
Loss of voluntary control over urination is called _____.	incontinence
Respiratory illnesses account for 20 percent of all acute illness.	False
Hypertension is frequently called the “silent killer.”	True
Each kidney has more functional capacity than is ordinarily needed.	True
A deep, prolonged breath that fills the lungs, believed to be caused by the need to increase the level of oxygen in the blood, is called _____.	yawning
Absorption in the small intestine is possible because its lining is smooth.	False
_____ are formed in the bone marrow and the spleen.	Monocytes
Disaccharides are a type of _____.	carbohydrate
The pulse point behind the knee is from the _____ artery.	popliteal
The larynx gives resonance to the voice.	False
Urinary incontinence is frequently observed in the elderly.	True
It is relatively easy to surgically correct the condition in which the testes have not properly descended to the outside of the body.	True
The upper end of each ureter flares into a funnel-shaped structure known as the renal _____.	pelvis
Another term for blood clotting is coagulation.	True
The Bowman’s capsule contains the _____.	glomerulus
_____ is vital to the function of the red blood cell, helping it transport oxygen to the tissues and some carbon dioxide away from tissues.	Hemoglobin
The average person produces between 1 and 3 pints of gas per day.	True
Which of the following diseases suppresses the body’s immune system?	AIDS
What is the purpose of bile in the digestive process?	Emulsifies fats
It is essential to eat some form of meat, fish, or poultry each day to receive the proper amounts of protein.	False
Instead of using its own lungs, the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood.	True
An arrhythmia is any change or deviation from the normal rate or rhythm of the heart.	True
The term used to describe getting up frequently during the night to urinate is _____.	nocturia
Low blood pressure (hypotension) is a risk factor for heart disease.	False
After 4 to 5 minutes without blood flow, the brain cells are irreversibly damaged.	True
The kidneys share one ureter.	False
Down syndrome is sometimes referred to as trisomy 21.	True
The blood vessels that bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart are called the _____.	vena cava
The nerves and blood supply of the teeth are contained in the _____.	pulp cavity
Peripheral vascular disease is caused by blockage of the coronary arteries.	False
When the donor is the patient himself, it is what type of bone marrow transplant?	Autologous
The portal circulation is a branch of the general circulation.	True
If a health care worker is wearing gloves during a client procedure, it is not necessary to wash the hands immediately following the procedure.	False
Farmers who falsely label foods as organic may be required to pay expensive fines.	True
The structure of the heart allows it to function as a double pump.	True
Emotional stress can increase an individual’s chance of becoming a susceptible host for infection.	True
Thirty minutes of physical exercise is recommended for most days of the week as a way to improve health and decrease risk factors for heart disease.	True
The main reason that the spores of disease-causing bacteria are dangerous is that they _____.	are very difficult to destroy
Diarrhea can be a life-threatening condition for the very young and the aged.	True
Which of the following occurs during the follicle stage of the menstrual cycle?	FSH is released from the pituitary gland.
A group of symptoms sometimes exhibited prior to the menstrual cycle is called _____.	premenstrual syndrome
The _____ is the largest organ in the body.	liver
Each part of the alimentary canal contributes to the overall digestive process.	True
What is the purpose of a determining a person’s genotype?	Predicting the possibility of a genetic disorder
Where does oxygen release the energy stored in nutrients to provide heat and energy for body functioning?	Cells throughout the body
Human somatic cells contain _____ chromosomes.	46
What causes plasma like fluid to flow from the blood in the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule?	Increase in blood pressure in the capillaries
Fats should provide no more than what percentage of a person’s daily caloric intake?	30 percent
An important function of the spleen is to destroy and remove worn out red blood cells.	True
Arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.	False
Different people may experience different symptoms from the same viral infection.	True
A traveling blood clot is called _____.	embolism
Excretion is the process of removing nitrogenous waste material, excess salts, and excess water from the body.	True
The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath is the _____.	tidal volume
Syphilis is a potentially life-threatening STD.	True
By what means is lymph fluid pushed forward through the lymph vessels?	The contractions of skeletal muscles and movements of breathing
Carbohydrates are structurally more complex than fats and proteins.	False
Inflammation of the intestine caused by bacterial or viral infection is called _____.	enteritis
Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur in someone who is immobile?	Thrombosis
What is a blood disease in which there is a decrease in the number of platelets?	Thrombocytopenia
The sex of a child is determined by the sex chromosomes of the mother.	False
Gum infections can lead to serious conditions, such as heart disease.	True
The most difficult part of breathing for individuals with emphysema is inhaling sufficient amounts of air.	False
Which of the following is the definition of a fomite?	Nonliving object that is contaminated with an infectious agent.
A pacemaker is a surgically implanted electronic device that regulates the patient’s heartbeat.	True
The practice of medical asepsis is used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms.	True
Essential amino acids are produced by the body as needed.	False
In the chain of infection, which of the following would most likely serve as a portal of exit?	Nose
Adults normally develop 32 teeth.	True
Hormones play an important role in regulating the function of the urinary system.	True
Which statement describes the chain of infection?	An interactive process by which infections are transmitted
An important function of the colon is to help regulate the body’s water balance.	True
The artery that runs along the upper arm and elbow area where a pulse point can be found is called _____.	brachial
The human body stores reserves of energy as fat in fat cells.	True
Which of the following fats would be the BEST choice for individuals who have high cholesterol levels?	Monounsaturated
Which would be the spleen’s first action in response to a deep knife wound in the leg?	Release red blood cells into circulation
The opening of the atrial septum in the fetal circulation is the _____.	foramen ovale
Which of the following is an example of a host in the chain of infection?	Human body
Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel.	True
Which of the following microorganisms must live inside the cell of another organism in order to secure nourishment and reproduce?	Viruses
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is called _____.	external respiration
Having bacteria in the large intestine is an unnatural condition that can lead to infection.	False
How much of the fluid that comprises filtrate is reabsorbed into the bloodstream?	99 percent
The sensation of taste is coupled with the sense of touch.	False
Pituitary hormones play a significant role in the reproductive process.	True
Based on dietary guidelines released in 2010 and the new MY PLATE icon, it is suggested that a healthy plate be comprised of one-third fruit and vegetables.	False
All, health care workers must have current certification in which of the following?	CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
Most cases of male impotence have psychological causes.	False
A person who has type A- (A negative) blood can receive a transfusion from which of the following?	Type O-
Salt retention in the body’s tissues reduces the production of urine by _____.	increasing the secretion of ADH
The type of lipoprotein that picks up deposited fats and transports them to the liver is _____.	HDL
A normal adult usually requires between 1,600 and 3,000 calories a day, depending on age, sex, body weight, and degree of physical activity.	True
Invasive procedures are those that do not penetrate the skin or a body cavity.	False
An abnormally rapid and shallow rate of breathing is called _____.	tachypnea
Genetic counseling is recommended for women who are pregnant after age 40.	False
If untreated, anorexia nervosa can result in irreversible damage to the body	True
If a person has been fully immunized as a child, there is no need for vaccines during adulthood.	False
Basophils are activated during an allergic reaction or inflammation.	True
If the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is too low, it can result in dizziness and fainting.	True
The heart sounds heard through a stethoscope are caused by the impact of the blood churning in the chambers.	False
What action is initiated when lymph enters a lymph node through the afferent vessel?	Response of the immune system
The substance that diffuses from the capillaries into the tissue spaces is called _____.	interstitial fluid
An example of a cellular response to tissue injury is _____.	neutrophil diapedesis
Some sexually transmitted diseases can be passed from the mother to her child during the birth process.	True
A genetic disorder is the same as a congenital disorder.	False
The process by which an ovum is released from an ovary is called _____.	ovulation
Which of the following processes can be used to eliminate all pathogens, except spores?	Disinfecting
There are about 500 million alveoli in an adult lung.	True
Capillaries are the largest of the blood vessels.	False
The general term for inflammation and swelling of a lymph node is _____.	adenitis
Urine is moved down the ureters by means of gravity.	False
Sound is produced by air being expelled from the lungs and passed over the vocal cords.	True
The types of immunity a person is born with are called ________ and ________immunity.	natural; passive acquired
Congenital heart defects occur when there is a malformation of the heart during fetal development.	True
The virus that causes measles can be transmitted through the air from one person to another	True
It is possible for a person who is experiencing no symptoms of AIDS to carry and transmit HIV to others.	True
All cancers of the prostate involve fast-growing cells forming tumors that must be removed surgically.	False
Lymph vessels are located in almost all the tissues and organs that have blood vessels.	True
Two minerals that are especially important for health in females, but are often consumed in less than optimal amounts, are _____.	calcium and iron
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be considered prehypertension?	120-130/80-89
Infants must be protected against all types of infection, because they are born without any type of immunity.	False
Many fungi are sources of food and medicines that are beneficial to humans.	True
Used needles should never be recapped.	True
Hypotension is usually a systolic reading under ________ mm Hg.	90
Nuts and seeds are good sources of protein.	True
A rapid heartbeat of more than 100 beats per minute is most accurately called _____.	tachycardia
The process of adding certain substances to the urine so they can be excreted from the body is called _____.	secretion
Hodgkin’s disease is also known as the “kissing disease.”	False
Water makes up about 75 percent of the total volume of plasma.	False
Monocytosis is a process that surrounds, engulfs, and digests harmful bacteria.	False
Pyrexia is a fever.	True
The adult human heart weighs less than one pound.	True
A hereditary disease in which blood clots slowly or abnormally is called _____.	hemophilia
The _____ sends out an electrical impulse that begins and regulates the heartbeat.	SA node
Why is it recommended that individuals obtain dietary fiber from foods rather than from supplements?	The foods may contain health benefits in addition to the fiber.

Created by: Felicia26

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