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MED159FINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled is ________. | asepsis |
| Which of the following is most likely spread by airborne transmission? | influenza |
| Unpasteurized milk from an infected cow is an example of a(n) ________factor in the transmission of disease. | environmental |
| A medical assistant can help break the cycle of infection in the office by ________ | maintaining strict housekeeping standards |
| What type of infection is caused by a microorganism that is normally beneficial or harmless to humans? | endogenous infection |
| When a person develops food poisoning after eating at a restaurant salad bar, the most likely form of transmission is ________ | foodborne |
| Which of the following is the appropriate way to handle potentially infectious laundry waste? | Place potentially infectious laundry in a red laundry bag marked with a biohazard symbol. |
| How is a congenital infection contracted? | present at the time of birth |
| A reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen and so spreads the disease is a ________ | carrier |
| An individual into whom a pathogen has been transmitted and who has little or no immunity to infection by that organism is a ________ | susceptible host |
| Respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis are often transmitted by ________ | airborne transmission |
| Which type of infection is caused when a healthcare worker transfers staph bacteria from his hands to a surgical site? | exogenous infection |
| Which of the following is an example of direct transmission of a pathogen? | contact with the blood of an infected person |
| Factors related to the host's susceptibility to infection are ________ | age and nutritional status |
| The body's ability to resist pathogens and disease is called ________ | immunity |
| Which of the following are considered aseptic precautions? | wearing gloves and a mask when working with a patient if you have a cold |
| All biohazardous waste containers must have which type of label attached. | orange-red |
| The appropriate way to handle and dispose of contaminated sharps is to ________ | place used sharps in a rigid, leakproof, puncture-resistant biohazardous waste container |
| Aseptic hand washing includes ________ | interlace fingers to clean between them |
| Red bags or bags that have a biohazardous waste label are used for ________ | dressings contaminated with blood or body fluids |
| A living organism that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person is called a(n) ________ | vector |
| Which of the following is necessary when sterilizing items using an autoclave? | using distilled water in the unit |
| The primary method for sterilizing instruments is ________ | autoclaving |
| A clean technique that is based on maintaining cleanliness and preventing the spread of microorganisms in the medical environment is known as which of the following? | Medical asepsis |
| The goal of surgical asepsis is to ________ | keep organisms from entering the body |
| The common health-associated infection seen in an outpatient setting, called MRSA, is caused by which type of bacteria? | staph |
| The goal of surgical asepsis in the medical facility is to ________ | keep organisms from entering the body |
| If a patient is coughing uncontrollably and there is considerable spray, what PPE should the medical assistant put on before entering the examination room? | gloves, gown, goggles and mask |
| Which of the following instruments and equipment must be sterilized before use? | vaginal specula and curettes |
| As a general rule, double-layer fabric or paper-wrapped sterile packages have a maximum shelf life of ________ | 30 days |
| Which type of infection is caused by the entry of infectious microorganisms into the bloodstream by way of a central line? | CLABSI |
| A common health-associated infection seen in an outpatient setting that is caused by a specific type of staph bacterium and results in skin infections that can develop into large abscesses is ________ | MRSA |
| Which of the following equipment is categorized as a semi-critical item? | endoscope |
| The CDC recommends that catheters be used for the least possible amount of time due to which type of infection? | CAUTI |
| Which instruments and equipment must be sterilized? | vaginal specula and curettes |
| Influenza, measles, whooping cough, and meningitis are examples of infectious diseases that can be transmitted through which of the following? | respiratory droplets |
| Employers are required by law to supply ________at no charge to their employees. | personal protective equipment |
| The appropriate way to wrap instruments for sterilization in the autoclave includes ________. | using double-thickness muslin to wrap instruments |
| Which of the following is the most appropriate means of sanitizing delicate instruments? | Ultrasonic cleaner |
| Which of the following instruments tests a patient's hearing? | tuning fork |
| Which of the following is used to measure body temperature? | thermometer |
| The ADA requires rooms and hallways to be large enough to allow a wheelchair to make a 180-degree turn. Which of the following measurements represents the typical exam room size? | 8 × 12 feet |
| Proper disposal of waste in the exam room helps prevent the spread of infection. Which of the following would represent proper disposal of a dressing dripping with blood and body fluids? | Biohazardous waste container |
| Which of the following is an instrument used to examine the ear canal and the tympanic membrane? | otoscope |
| Which of the following has a hard-rubber triangular head and is used to check a patient's reflexes? | reflex hammer |
| A piece of equipment that measures blood pressure is a(n) ________ | sphygmomanometer |
| Infection control is a vital key in the safety of the medical assistant and the patient as the exam room is prepared. Which of the following is NOT a safeguard in proper room preparation? | Placing regulated waste into a waste basket |
| OSHA requires storing regulations for biohazardous materials in the office. While handling specimens, which of the following routes of exposure can spread infection through absorption in a crack in the skin? | Transcutaneous |
| Prevention of infectious diseases is vital in the healthcare setting. Which of the following procedures is the first step in the prevention of infection? | Handwashing |
| Which of the following is used to listen to body sounds? | stethoscope |
| Which of the following is appropriate for cleaning surfaces in the exam room? | 10% solution of household bleach |
| Which of the following reflects the inside of the mouth and throat for examination purposes? | laryngeal mirror |
| An instrument used to enlarge the opening of the nose to permit viewing is a(n) ________ | nasal speculum |
| Which of the following instruments is used in the collection of gynecological specimens? | vaginal speculum |
| How often should you change the cover on the examining table? | after every use |
| Handwashing is the first step in the prevention of infectious transmission of microorganisms in the exam room. Which of the following requires handwashing with soap and water? | Before and after application of gloves, Before and after the using restroom, Before leaving for the day, Before and after contact with each patient |
| Which of the following helps prevent accidents in the exam room? | Good lighting |
| A lighted instrument that is used to examine the inner structures of the eye is a(n) ________ | ophthalmoscope |
| The complete destruction of all pathogenic microorganisms including bacterial spores from the surface of instruments and equipment is ________ | sterilization |
| The destruction of infectious agents on an object by direct application of a chemical is ________ | disinfection |
| Which of the following is used on instruments and equipment that come in contact with intact mucous membranes or other surfaces not considered sterile? | disinfection |
| Which of the following instruments must be sterilized? | anoscope and vaginal speculum |
| Which of the following procedures will the medical assistant use to clean blood pressure cuffs and reflex hammers? | sanitization |
| Blepharitis | Chronic inflammation of the eyelid’s edges |
| Ptosis | Drooping of the upper eyelid in which the lid partially or completely covers the eye |
| Sty | Results from an eyelash follicle infection |
| Conjunctivitis | an inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by an allergy, irritant, or infection |
| Corneal ulcers | On the cornea may be the result of injury, infection, or both |
| Corneal abrasions | can become infected with bacteria, viruses, or fungi |
| Cataract | Cloudy or opaque areas in the normally clear lens of the eye |
| Glaucoma | A condition in which fluid pressure builds up inside the eye |
| Uveitis | Inflammation of the uveal tract, which includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid |
| Retinal detachment | Occurs when the retina separates from the underlying choroid layer |
| Diabetic retinopathy | Complication of diabetes when not kept under control experience damage to small blood vessels that supply the retina |
| Macular degeneration | Causes loss of vision in the center of an image; peripheral vision remains intact |
| Strabismus | A deviation of one eye. Strabismus in adults is generally the result of another condition such as diabetes, high blood pressure, brain injury, muscular dystrophy, and inflammation of certain cerebral arteries. |
| Amblyopia | May occur as the misaligned eye becomes “lazy.” Treatment involves patching the fully working eye to force the other eye to work. Glasses may be used along with the patch. In some cases, surgery on the eye muscle is required. |
| Myopia | Condition in which images of distant objects come into focus in front of the retina and are blurred |
| Hyperopia | Causes images to come into focus behind the retina |
| Astigmatism | Condition in which the cornea has an abnormal shape, which causes blurred images during near or distant vision |
| Tonometer | Measures intraocular pressure, shown by the eyeball’s resistance to indentation by either direct pressure or pneumatic pressure |
| Slit Lamp | Instrument composed of a magnifying lens combined with a light source; used to provide a minute examination of the eye’s anatomy |
| Refraction examination | Eye examination in which the patient looks through a succession of different lenses to find out which ones create the clearest image |
| Cerumen impaction | impaction can build up and impede the hearing process. The wax can be softened with eardrops and irrigation to remove the buildup. |
| Otitis externa | is sometimes called “swimmer’s ear” because fungal infections are common in swimmers secondary to persistent moisture in the ear canal. |
| Prutitus | is itching of the ear canal and is a common problem in the elderly. The sebaceous glands produce less wax with aging causing the ear to become dry and itchy. The ear canal can be treated with a few drops of mineral oil. |
| Otis media | condition of otitis media affects the middle ear with an inflammation accompanied by fluid buildup |
| Mastoiditis | inflammation of the mastoid bone, located just behind the ear. It is connected to the middle ear by air cells or sinuses in the bone. |
| Otosclerosis-tinnitus | occurs when bone tissue grows abnormally around the stapes (stirrup) which is the innermost of the three tiny bones connecting the eardrum with the inner ear. |
| Ruptured eardrum | can result from insertion of a sharp object, an explosion, a blow to the ear, or a severe middle ear infection. |
| Labyrinthitis | is an infection of the labyrinth, most commonly caused by a virus. |
| Meniere’s disease | is caused by increased fluid in the labyrinth. |
| Presbycusis | is a type of hearing loss most common in older adults. Hearing aids may be of assistance. |
| Tinnitus | is more commonly called a ringing in the ears. This can take the form of a buzzing, whistling, or hissing sound. |
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) | A contagious type of staph bacteria that is resistant to many common antibiotics |
| Clostridium-Difficile Infection (C-diff) | A bacterium that causes severe, watery diarrhea and colon inflammation |
| Central Line Associated Infection (CLABSI) | Occurs when germs enter the bloodstream through a central venous catheter |
| Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) | Happens when germs (bacteria) enter the urinary tract through a urinary catheter, causing infection |
| Medical Asepsis | used to reduce the number, growth, and spread of microorganisms to prevent infection |
| Surgical Asepsis | used to eliminate all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from an area, object, or procedure site to prevent infection |
| Sterilization | Uses an autoclave or approved method to kill all microorganisms |
| Sanitation | Scrubbing instruments and equipment using detergent or as indicated by manufacturer |
| Disinfection | Destroys most, but not all microorganisms. Bacterial spores can resist harsh conditions |
| Anoscope | is used for opening the anus for examination |
| Examination Light | provides additional light during an examination |
| Laryngeal Mirror | Reflects the inside of the mouth and throat for exam purposes |
| Nasal Speculum | used to enlarge the opening of the nose during an exam |
| Ophthalmoscope | lighted instrument used to examine the inner structure of the eye |
| Otoscope | used to examine the ear canal and tympanic membrane |
| Penlight | a small flashlight used to provide additional light in a small area |
| Reflex Hammer | used to check patient’s reflexes |
| Sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) | used to measure blood pressure |
| Stethoscope | used to listen to body sounds |
| Tape Measure | used to measure size or development of an area or part of the body |
| Thermometer | used to measure body temperature |
| Tuning Fork | Tests patients’ hearing |
| Vaginal Speculum | used to enlarge vagina to make the vagina and cervix accessible for visual exam and specimen collection |
| Choosing a site for an intramuscular injection includes assessing the patient for: | cyanosis. moles. tattoos. birthmarks. |
| A tablet that is placed under the patient's tongue is the __________route. | sublingual |
| The subcutaneous route of medication administration delivers medicine to the: | fatty layer beneath the skin |
| The bevel of the needle describes: | the sloped edge at the end. |
| When teaching a patient about his new medication, it is important to: | make sure you are familiar with the medication. |
| What part of the needle fits into the syringe? | Hub |
| What is the gauge of a needle? | The inside diameter of the needle |
| The technique used to deliver irritating medicine to the deep muscle tissue is known as: | Z-track. |
| You have just given a four-year-old a dose of liquid medicine. You see that some has dribbled out of his mouth. You should: | not do anything if he did not spit out the entire dose. |
| If you make a mistake while charting manually, you should: | draw a single line through the incorrect information, initial it, and write the correct information |
| Which of the following questions is most important prior to giving an oral medication? | "Do you have trouble swallowing?" |
| __________ is important to know regarding drug administration. | Dosage calculation Route of administration Technique of administration |
| Prior to giving a medication, it is important for you to: | ask the patient if he has any medication allergies. |
| Some medications cannot be given orally because: | they are not absorbed well by the GI tract. the digestive processes change the drug. |
| A needle for subcutaneous injection in an adult should be between __________and __________inch in length. | ½ - ¾ |
| The amount of medication that can be safely administered by the subcutaneous route is: | 1 ml. |
| The best method to give an injection to a child is to: | distract the child by talking to them while giving the injection |
| How are insulin syringes different from other syringes? | They are calibrated in units, commonly either 50 U or 100 U. |
| A(n) __________injection technique is used to administer skin tests. | intradermal |
| Your primary concern when educating someone from a different culture than your own should be: | the patient understands the purpose, importance, and possible adverse effects of the medication. |
| Which of the following is not a part of checking for the right route of medication administration? | Checking the expiration date on the medication label |
| Which medication route is most likely to be ordered for a person who has a bladder infection? | Urethral |
| Which of the following information should not be included when charting medication administration? | The medical assistant’s theory about the patient’s statements |
| Right patient | Always check the name and date of birth on the order for a drug or vaccine in the patient's chart, then ask the patient to state his or her name and date of birth. |
| Right drug | Carefully compare the name of the prescribed drug or vaccine in the patient's chart with the label on the drug container. |
| Right dose | Compare the dose on the order in the patient's chart with the dose you prepare. |
| Right time | Be sure to give the drug according to a predetermined schedule. |
| Right route | Double-check to make sure the administration route you are preparing to use matches the route the doctor ordered. |
| Right technique | Always use the proper administration technique. |
| Right documentation | Document immediately after administering the drug or vaccine to the patient. |
| Right to know | All patients have the right to be educated about the medications they are receiving. |
| Right to refuse | Every patient has the right to refuse a medication. |
| Right to reason | Know the reason the medication is being given. |
| Rectal | Medications, such as drugs used to treat constipation, nausea, and vomiting, may be administered by suppositories or enemas |
| Topical | Medication is directly applied on the skin |
| Inhalation | Medication is administered through the mouth or nose |
| Intravenous | Medication is administered directly into a vein |
| Intramuscular | Injection administered within a muscle |
| Subcutaneous | Injection is administered beneath the skin in the adipose tissue |
| Intradermal | Injection is administered within the upper layers of the skin |
| Sublingual | Drugs are placed in the mouth, under the tongue |
| Buccal | Drugs are placed in the mouth, between the check and gum |
Created by:
Nisha97