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electrolytes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| osmolality | concentration of particles of solute per kg of solvent (mOsm/kg) |
| osmolality estimate calculation | 1.86(Na) + (Glucose/18) + (BUN/2.8) + 9 |
| osmolal gap | measured value - calculated value usually 5-10 mOsm/kg |
| main extracellular cation | Sodium |
| main intracellular cation | potassium |
| main extracellular anion | chloride |
| main intracellular anion | phosphorus |
| what promotes sodium reabsorption | aldosterone |
| sodium reference range for serum and urine | serum: 135-145 mEq/L urine: 40-220 mEq/L |
| potassium reference range for serum plasma and urine | serum: 4-5 mEq/L plasma: 3.4-5.4 mEq/L urine: 25-125 mEq/L |
| increased glucose does what to potassium | increases it (hyperkalemia) |
| hyperkalemia is associated with | acidosis and addisons |
| what can falsely elevate chloride | bromide |
| chloride moves passively with ____ or against _____ to ________________ | Na; HCO; maintain neutral electrical charge |
| Chloride is no longer measured coulometrically due to | mercury toxicitiy |
| chloride reference ranges serum/ plasma urine CSF | serum: 98-107 mEq/L urine (24hr): 110-250 mEq/L CSF: 120-132 mEq/L |
| calcitonin _____ PO4 and vitamin D ____ it | lowers; increases |
| phosphorus is highest | in the morning |
| phosphorus ref ranges for serum and urine | serum: 2.4 - 4.4 mg/dL urine: 0.4-1.3 g/day |
| PO4 is measured colorimetrically with | molybdate to form blue molybdenum |
| hemolysis falsely increases | K+. PO4-, Mg2+ |
| PTH and calcitonin does what to calcium | PTH stimulates osteoclasts, increasing Ca2+ calcitonin stimulates osteoblasts, decreasing Ca2+ |
| what is needed for calcium absorption | vit D |
| sulkowitch test | Ca2+ in urine |
| calcium reference ranges ionized (serum) total (serum) total (urine) | ionized (serum): 4.6-5.3 mg/dL total (serum): 8.6-10 mg/dL urine: 100-300 mg/day |
| wilsons disease | decreased serum copper and ceruloplasmin, increased urinary copper ; toxic buildup in liver |
| menke's syndrome | Copper deficiency; decreased serum and ceruloplasmin levels |
| manganese | needed for iron absorption |
| cobalt | decreased in B12 deficiency |
| hemochromatosis has __ serum. Fe, __ TIBC, and ___ % saturation | increased, decreased, increased |
| iron is higher | in the morning |
Created by:
kingsleya27