Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatomy Study
Anatomy Study cp12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What type of tissue is blood | A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma |
| What does the circulatory system consist of | Blood, the heart, and blood vessels. |
| What are the primary functions of blood | Transport of nutrients and oxygen, removal of metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide, and maintenance of homeostasis |
| What are the four major components of blood | Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma |
| What are red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets collectively called | Formed elements |
| Where are formed elements produced | Red bone marrow through hematopoiesis |
| What is the normal blood pH range | 7.35 to 7.45 |
| What percentage of blood is made up of formed elements | Approximately 45% |
| What percentage of blood is plasma | Approximately 55% |
| What is the average adult blood volume | 5 liters, or 5.3 quarts |
| What is the white layer between plasma and red blood cells in centrifuged blood called | The buffy coat |
| What is another name for red blood cells | Erythrocytes |
| What is the shape of red blood cells | Biconcave disks |
| What does the biconcave shape increase | Surface area for gas exchange |
| Mature RBCs lack what | A nucleus and most organelles |
| What is the primary protein in RBCs | Hemoglobin |
| What does hemoglobin carry | Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| How do RBCs produce ATP | Through glycolysis |
| Do RBCs contain mitochondria | No |
| What is the normal RBC count for adult males | 4,700,000 to 6,100,000 cells/µL. |
| What is the normal RBC count for adult females | 4,200,000 to 5,400,000 cells/µL |
| RBC count directly affects what | Oxygen-carrying capacity |
| What is RBC production called | Erythropoiesis |
| Where are RBCs produced after birth | Red bone marrow |
| What is the average RBC lifespan | 120 days |
| What hormone regulates RBC production | Erythropoietin |
| What condition can result from excess RBCs | Polycythemia |
| What vitamins are required for DNA synthesis? | Vitamin B12 and folic acid |
| What mineral is required for hemoglobin production | Iron |
| What is reduced oxygen-carrying capacity due to low RBCs or hemoglobin called | Anemia |
| Where are old RBCs destroyed | By macrophages in the liver and spleen |
| Hemoglobin is broken into what two parts | Heme and globin Blood and plasma |
| What happens to iron from old RBCs | It is recycled for new RBC production |
| What is another name for white blood cells | Leukocytes |
| What is the primary function of WBCs | Defense against disease |
| What is the movement of WBCs out of blood vessels called | Diapedesis |
| What is directed movement toward an injury called | Chemotaxis |
| What two hormone groups regulate WBC production | Interleukins and colony-stimulating factors |
| What percentage of WBCs are neutrophils | 50–70% |
| What percentage of WBCs are eosinophils | 1–3% |
| What do eosinophils release | Enzymes |
| What do eosinophils control? | Parasites and allergic reactions |
| What percentage of WBCs are basophils | About 1% |
| What do basophils release | Heparin and histamine |
| What percentage of WBCs are monocytes | 3–9% |
| What do monocytes become in tissues | Macrophages |
| What percentage of WBCs are lymphocytes | 25–33% |
| What are lymphocytes responsible for | Immunity |
| What is the normal WBC count | 5,000 to 10,000 cells/µL |
| What is an increased WBC count called | Leukocytosis |
| What is a decreased WBC count called | Leukopenia |
| What test shows WBC percentages | Differential WBC count |
| What is another name for platelets | Thrombocytes |
| Platelets are fragments of what? | Megakaryocytes |
| What hormone regulates platelet production | Thrombopoietin |
| What is the function of platelets | Repair damaged blood vessels |
| What is the normal platelet count | 150,000 to 400,000 platelets/µL. |
| What is the approximate lifespan of platelets | 10 days |
| What percentage of plasma is water | 92% |
| What are the three major plasma proteins | Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogen |
| What are the primary blood gases | Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| How are lipids transported | Bound to proteins |
| What are the most abundant plasma electrolytes listed in the notes | Sodium and potassium |
| What does hemostasis mean | Stoppage of bleeding |
| What are the three mechanisms of hemostasis | Vasospasm, platelet plug formation, and blood coagulation |
| What does tissue damage release | Tissue thromboplastin |
| Prothrombin is converted into what | Thrombin |
| Fibrinogen is converted into what | Fibrin |
| What is plasma without clotting factors called | Serum |
| What is a stationary clot called | A thrombus |
| What is a traveling clot called | An embolus |
| What serious clot-related conditions are listed in the notes | Pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction |
| What tests are required before a transfusion? | Blood typing and crossmatching. |
| What is clumping of RBCs called | Agglutination. |
| What antigens and antibodies does Type A blood have | A antigens and anti-B antibodies |
| What antigens and antibodies does Type B blood have | B antigens and anti-A antibodies |
| What antigens does Type AB blood have | A and B antigens |
| What antibodies does Type AB blood have | Neither type of antibody |
| What antigens does Type O blood have | Neither A nor B antigens |
| What antibodies does Type O blood have | Both types of antibodies |
| What does the presence of antigen D mean | Rh positive |
| What does the absence of antigen D mean | Rh negative |
| What can Rh incompatibility in pregnancy cause | Erythroblastosis fetalis |
| What preventive treatment is listed | RhoGAM |
Created by:
user-1990156