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Ch 19: L.O.

TermDefinition
Chain of Infection The six links required for disease transmission: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
Blood-Borne Transmission Disease spread through direct or indirect contact with infected blood and other body fluids (e.g., HCV, HBV, HIV).
Food and Water Transmission Disease spread by contaminated food that is improperly cooked/refrigerated, or water contaminated with fecal matter.
Fecal-Oral Transmission Disease spread when poor sanitation or lack of handwashing allows pathogens to be ingested directly or indirectly.
Naturally Acquired Active Immunity Immunity that occurs when a person contracts a disease, recovers, and forms their own antibodies.
Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity Immunity that occurs when a fetus or infant receives antibodies through the placenta or breast milk.
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity Immunity achieved when the body is exposed to a vaccine to safely trigger antibody production.
Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity Temporary immunity achieved by receiving an antiserum containing ready-made antibodies from another host.
Patient to Dental Team Route Disease transmission occurring through direct contact with saliva/blood, droplet splatter, or cuts from contaminated instruments.
Dental Team to Patient Route Rare disease transmission occurring if a clinician transfers blood/saliva from a hand lesion into a patient's open wound.
Patient to Patient Route Disease transmission occurring when contaminated instruments are improperly processed and used on a subsequent patient.
Dental Office to Community Route Disease transmission occurring via contaminated impressions, equipment, or the dental team's clothing leaving the office.
Community to Dental Office Route Disease transmission occurring when microorganisms from municipal lines colonize dental unit waterlines.
CDC (Centers for Disease Control) A non-regulatory agency that issues specific health-related recommendations based on scientific evidence.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health) A regulatory agency that issues standards to protect US employees; failure to comply results in legal fines.
Universal Precautions The historical concept that all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infected.
Standard Precautions An expanded safety concept applying to contact with blood, all body fluids (except sweat), non-intact skin, and mucous membranes.
Exposure Control Plan A written office manual detailing exactly how a dental practice complies with OSHA standards to manage employee risk.
Hand Hygiene Rule Alcohol rubs are highly effective for unsoiled hands, but washing with antimicrobial soap is required if visibly dirty or blood-stained.
Mask Filtration Efficiency Dental masks must have at least a 95% filtration efficiency against aerosol spray and must cover the nose and mouth.
Overgloves Clear plastic gloves worn over contaminated examination gloves to prevent cross-contamination when opening drawers.
Irritant Dermatitis A non-immunologic skin reaction causing red, dry, irritated skin from chemical irritation or frequent handwashing.
Type IV Allergic Reaction A delayed immune system reaction to chemicals in latex, taking 48 to 72 hours for a red, itchy rash to appear.
Type I Allergic Reaction The most severe, life-threatening latex allergy occurring within minutes that can result in respiratory collapse (anaphylaxis).
General Waste Non-hazardous, non-regulated dental waste (e.g., paper towels, mixing pads) thrown in regular trash.
Contaminated Waste Waste contacting blood/body fluids (e.g., barriers, napkins); treated as general waste in most states.
Hazardous Waste Waste posing a risk to humans or the environment, requiring specific regulation (e.g., toxic chemicals, amalgam, lead foil).
Infectious / Regulated Waste Biohazard waste capable of transmitting disease, requiring special handling (e.g., blood-soaked items, sharps, extracted teeth).
Created by: Cocoalover
 

 



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