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Med 149 Rev. Chpt12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Before the twentieth century, death most likely occurred | at home. |
| The purpose of the Uniform Determination of Death Act was to | define guidelines for determining when death actually occurs. |
| The Uniform Determination of Death Act defines ________as a means of determining when death actually occurs. | brain death |
| Coma is best defined as | a deep stupor from which the person cannot be roused by external stimuli. |
| Persons said to be in a persistent vegetative state | have severe brain damage. |
| Before pronouncing a nonresponsive and unconscious patient dead, physicians may perform certain tests. Which of the following is not a prescribed test for determining death? | Cannot stand unaided |
| Recent reports indicate a decline in the number of nonmandatory autopsies performed in hospitals. Which of the following is a probable reason for the decline? | Family members of deceased patients are often reluctant to give permission for an autopsy. |
| If one has six months or less to live, he or she is said to be | terminally ill. |
| The general term used to describe documents serving to appoint an individual, chosen by the patient, to represent the patient’s health care interests is | advance directive. |
| An authorization in advance to withdraw artificial life support is | an advance directive |
| The Patient Self-Determination Act does not provide for | legal prosecution of health care practitioners who influence a patient's decision in preparing an advance directive. |
| A form of advance directive that allows hospital patients to tell health care practitioners not to revive them if breathing stops is called a | do not resuscitate order (DNR). |
| Care provided to relieve pain and make a patient's last days as comfortable as possible is referred to as | palliative care. |
| The training of medical students about palliative care is | covered, but every medical school does it differently. |
| Undergraduate nursing students | have 17 competencies in palliative care they must demonstrate. |
| Hospice care is found | only in hospitals, only in special facilities, only as home care.in all of these locations. |
| Landmark events in the right to die movement include | the Karen Ann Quinlan case, the Nancy Cruzan case, the Terri Shiavo case. All of these. |
| Physician assisted death is legal | presently, only in seven states and D.C. |
| Advocates of allowing a terminally ill patient to ask for assistance in dying refer to the process as | physician-assisted death. |
| How many times did Oregon voters pass a Death with Dignity Act? | Two |
| Which recommendation paved the way for organ transplantation in the United States? | Uniform Anatomical Gift Act |
| Which legislation established organ procurement and transplantation networks in the United States? | National Organ Transplant Act |
| Which of the following is true of organ transplants? | Prospective donors should inform family members of their wishes. |
| The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act does not include the provision(s) that | organs are not accepted from patients over 60 years of age. |
| Which of the following best describes grief? | An emotion one feels when loss has occurred. |
| Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's five stages of coping with a death or with a terminal illness do not include which of the following? | Acceptance, Bargaining, Depression, All of these are included |
| Which of the following is not true of the stages of grief? | All people progress through the stages in order. |
| Which of the following behaviors is probably most helpful to a dying person? | Giving the person your attention and listening well |
| A proposal that established uniform guidelines for determining when death has occurred. | Uniform Determination of Death Act |
| Final cessation of bodily activity, used to determine when death actually occurs; circulatory and respiratory functions have irreversibly ceased, and the entire brain (including the brain stem) has irreversibly ceased to function. | brain death |
| A condition of deep stupor from which the patient cannot be roused by external stimuli. | coma |
| Severe mental impairment characterized by irreversible cessation of the higher functions of the brain, most often caused by damage to the cerebral cortex. | persistent vegetative state (PVS |
| A postmortem examination to determine cause of death and/or to obtain physiological evidence when necessary. | autopsy |
| A federal law passed in 1990 that requires hospitals and other health care providers to provide written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advance directives. | Patient Self-Determination Act |
| A written statement of a person's wishes regarding medical treatment, often including a living will or power of attorney or both. These documents are done to make sure the patient’s wishes are carried out should the person be unable to communicate them to | advance directive |
| An advance directive that specifies an individual’s end-of-life wishes | living will |
| An advance directive that confers upon a designee the authority to make a variety of legal decisions on behalf of the grantor, usually including health care decisions. | durable power of attorney |
| A legal document that specifically identifies a person to take responsibility for a patient's health care decisions when the patient is not able to do so. | health care power of attorney |
| Order written at the request of patients or their authorized representatives that cardiopulmonary resuscitation not be used to sustain life in a medical crisis. | do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order |
| Treatment of a terminally ill patient’s symptoms to make dying more comfort-able; also called comfort care. | palliative care |
| A facility or program (often carried out in a patient’s home) in which teams of health care practitioners and volunteers provide a continuing environment that focuses on the physical, emotional, and psychological needs of the dying patient. | hospice |
| Referring to patients who are expected to die within six months | terminally ill |
| A 1989 recommendation of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws that all states construct laws to address advance directives. | Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act |
| A conscious medical act that results in the death of a dying person. | active euthanasia |
| The act of allowing a dying patient to die naturally, without medical interference | passive euthanasia |
| The act of ending a dying patient’s life by medical means with his or her permission. | voluntary euthanasia |
| The act of ending a terminal patient’s life by medical means without his or her permission. | involuntary euthanasia |
| Passed in 1984, a statute that provides grants to qualified organ procurement organizations and established an Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. | National Organ Transplant Act |
| A recommendation of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws, which all states accepted, allowing individuals to donate their bodies or body parts, after death, for use in transplant surgery, tissue banks, or medical research or educ | Uniform Anatomical Gift Act |
| This stage is identified with feelings of denial and isolation. This is the it-can’t-be-true stage, in which patients believe the physician’s diagnosis must be a mistake, or relatives informed of a loved one’s death deny that the person is gone. They may | 1 |
| When denial can no longer be maintained, the patient or grieving relative progresses to anger, rage, and resentment. “Why me?” is the typical reaction. Patients are angry over the “betrayal” of once-healthy bodies and the loss of control over their lives. | 2 |
| Grieving individuals next respond with attempts at bargaining and guilt. Just as children continue to ask for a favor after parents have said no, patients may ask for “just enough time to see my daughter married” or “one more week at work before I have to | 3 |
| This involves depression or sadness, which is the most expected reaction to loss. Patients coping with terminal illness may face not only physical pain and debilitation but also loss of financial security and inevitable changes in lifestyle—all of which c | 4 |
| Those experiencing the grieving process reach a stage of acceptance. At this point, the person has finally accepted his or her loss. Terminally ill patients have come to terms with dying, and bereaved persons have accepted that the loved one is gone. For | 5 |
| What characteristics would a caretaker in the hospice need to possess? | Compassion, Caring for the patient and their family, Understanding of the death process, All of these. |
| Why is it important for family members to be near a loved one at the end of their life? | It gives them the courage to participate in the process, and comforts them after the death occurred. |
| What federal statute made it obligatory for health care providers to provide information to patients about their right to create advance directives and to have them on file with their medical records? | Patient Self-Determination Act |
| Ellen, the patient in this case study, is apparently experiencing grief over her imminent death. According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, what stage of grief is she most likely exhibiting? | Denial |
| As one of the nurses caring for Ellen, what can you do that will be most helpful to her? | Listen well and show you are listening. |
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