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Med 149 Rev.Chpt11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sawanda's father developed Huntington's disease when she was 28. She is healthy but wants to be tested to see if she has the gene to develop the disease. What type of genetic testing will she have? | Predictive genetic testing |
| A permanent change in DNA is called a | mutation |
| Which of the types of genetic testing is often used in law enforcement? | Forensic testing |
| In which of the following situations might DNA testing be indicated? | A man involved in a paternity suit, Parents who suspect they brought the wrong baby home from the hospital, Parents who suspect they brought the wrong baby home from the hospital, All of these |
| Genetic discrimination is best described as: | Differential treatment of individuals based on their actual or presumed genetic differences |
| Specialized cells considered most valuable for purposes of genetic manipulation | Stem cells |
| Those cells that can become only one type of body cell | Multipotent |
| Those specialized cells that can become almost any kind of cell | Pluripotent |
| The process that produced Dolly the sheep | Cloning |
| An experimental treatment for hereditary diseases | Gene therapy |
| Artificial insemination may be an acceptable remedy for | infertility. |
| Which of the following best defines in vitro fertilization? | Fertilization taking place outside a woman's body |
| Which of the following best defines surrogacy? | A woman bears a child for another person. |
| The government serves as a child’s parent. | Parens patriae |
| The common standard when the government makes decisions for minor children. | Child Abuse Amendments |
| Federal regulations concerning newborns with severe disabilities take their authority from this federal regulation. | Best interest of the child |
| State laws that allow a parent to abandon newborns to designated safe locations. | Safe haven laws |
| In the past, these laws have dictated that parents have a right to decide what medical care children receive. | Civil Rights Act |
| In most states, which of the following age groups can receive some types of medical care without parental permission? | Mature minors |
| Minors may be declared emancipated only if they: | Are self-supporting |
| Once declared emancipated, a minor can lose that status if the minor: | None of these |
| A physician or other health care practitioner who treats a minor in a nonemergency situation, without parental consent, risks being charged with | assault and/or battery. |
| Fortunately, most couples who decide to have a child are able to conceive ____________, and most ______________proceed without problems. | Naturally, Pregnancies |
| However, it is estimated that about _____________to ____________percent of reproductive-age couples in the United States will have difficulty conceiving. | 10 to 15 |
| Of this percentage, either husband or wife will experience ___________—that is, the failure to conceive for a period of ___________months or longer due to a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any ____________part, organ, | Infertility, 12 Twelve, reproductive |
| Our increased body of knowledge about_________ chromosome structure, and the basis of_________has allowed scientists to manipulate DNA within the cells of plants, animals, and other organisms to ensure that certain advantageous traits will appear and be p | DNA , heredity, eliminated |
| This is called genetic______________. | engineering |
| Because the chemical composition of DNA is nearly identical throughout the __________and ___________kingdoms, genes can often be interchanged among plants and animals to transfer desirable characteristics to different_________ | plant, animals , species |
| Through this process, for example, ___________from a species of Arctic flounder have been added to strawberry plants to make them better able to withstand cold_________ | genes, temperature |
| Genetic engineering has also created corn and soybean crops that are ___________to insect-borne diseases, “golden” rice with increased beta-carotene content, and _____________that can devour oil spilled into oceans. | resistant, bacteria |
| This testing is used to identify genetic disorders in utero. Since 2011, maternal blood tests have been developed for use at 10 weeks’ gestation or later that allow testing for chromosomal abnormalities with no risk to the fetu | Prenatal testing |
| Used to determine if individuals carry harmful genes that could be passed on to offspring. | Carrier testing |
| Tests for harmful genes in embryos after artificial insemination but before implantation. Usually offered to couples who have a reasonable chance of passing on harmful genes. | Preimplantation testing |
| This testing is used to see if genes are present that could lead to hereditary diseases or other harmful genetic conditions. Individuals who come from families where certain inherited diseases have appeared may opt for predictive genetic testing to confir | Predictive testing |
| This testing is used in determining parentage or other relationships within families. | Tracing linage |
| Is used in law enforcement to eliminate or designate suspects in a crime, identify homicide victims, or to otherwise analyze DNA samples for law enforcement purposes. | Forensic testing |
| Usually performed routinely to check for treatable, harmful genetic conditions or diseases, such as PKU. | Newborn screening tests |
| Health care practitioners can use DNA testing to confirm a diagnosis, including confirming or ruling out certain genetic diseases. | Diagnostic testing |
| These tests look for changes or variants in the genes that dictate how medications are processed to determine whether or not a certain medication will be effective in a specific patient, set the best dose for a specific patient, or determine for each indi | Medical treatment determination |
| The process in which donor sperm is mechanically injected into a woman’s vagina to fertilize her eggs. | heterologous artificial insemination |
| A woman who becomes pregnant, usually by artificial insemination or surgical implantation of a fertilized egg, and bears a child for another woman. | surrogate mother |
| The process in which a husband’s sperm is mechanically injected into his wife’s vagina to fertilize her eggs. | homologous artificial insemination |
| The process by which a woman becomes pregnant by artificial insemination or surgical implantation of a fertilized egg for the purpose of carrying a fetus to term for another woman. | surrogacy |
| Fertilization that takes place outside a woman’s body, literally “in glass,” as in a test tube. | in vitro fertilization (IVF) |
| The failure to conceive for a period of 12 months or longer due to a deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of any reproductive part, organ, or system. | infertility |
| The mechanical injection of viable semen into the vagina. | artificial insemination |
| Which of the following reasons would Steve take into consideration as to why he would want genetic testing done? | Could set aside funds for long-term insurance care, Peace of mind for his fiancé, Peace of mind in knowing one way or another All of these |
| Genetic testing can be done for the following illness: | Breast cancer |
| What is the definition of genetics? | The science that accounts for natural differences and resemblances among organisms related by descent. |
| What concept allows the physician in this incident to treat a 16-year-old minor without parental consent? | Mature minors |
| Assume that you know the parents of the patient in this case study, and they call you asking why their daughter was treated at the clinic where you work. What will govern your response? | Patient confidentiality |
| How will the patient's treatment likely be recorded on her medical record? | Medical emergency for sepsis and treatment of hand wound |
| What is the number of chromosomes that carry the genes for all of our human characteristics? | 46 |
| Uses of genetic testing, which can predict diseases such as sickle cell anemia, include all of the following EXCEPT: | hematology testing |
| If a person is denied life insurance due to a family history of Huntington's disease, this is called: | genetic discrimination |
| Manipulating DNA is a form of: | genetic engineering |
| Options for infertile couples include | surrogacy, artificial insemination, IVF, all of these |
| The science that accounts for natural differences and resemblances among organisms related by descent is called: | genetics |
| The concept of parens patriae is defined as: | State may act as parental authority |
| Heredity is: | the process by which organisms pass genetic traits on to their offspring |
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