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6 urinary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| azot/o | nitrogenous compounds |
| bacteri/o | bacteria |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| glomerul/o | glomerulus |
| gluc/o | glucose, sugar, sweetness |
| glucos/o | sugar, sweet sweetness |
| glyc/o | sugar, sweet sweetness |
| glycos/o | sugar, sweet sweetness |
| keton/o | ketone bodies (acids and acetones) |
| lith/o | stone |
| meat/o | meatus, opening |
| nephr/o | kidney |
| noct/o | night |
| olig/o | deficiency |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| py/o | pus |
| pyel/o | renal pelvis |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| ren/o | kidney |
| ur/o | urine |
| urin/o | urine |
| ureter/o | ureter |
| urethr/o | urethra |
| vesic/o | bladder |
| AGN | acute glomerulonephritis |
| ARF | acute renal failure |
| ATN | acute tubular necrosis |
| BNO | bladder neck obstruction |
| BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy (benign prostatic hyperplasia) |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| C&S | culture and sensitivity |
| Cath | catheterization, catheter |
| CRF | chronic renal failure |
| Cysto | cystoscopy |
| ESRD | end-stage renal disease |
| HD | hemodialysis |
| H2O | water |
| I&O | intake and output |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| KUB | kidney, ureter, and bladder |
| PKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| RP | retrograde pyelogram |
| SG, sp. gr. | specific gravity |
| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
| UA | urinalysis |
| UI | urinary incontinence |
| UC | urine culture |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| VCUG | voiding cystourethrography |
| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux |
| acute glomerulonephritis | Type of nephritis (kidney infection) in which the glomeruli are the key structures affected; also called acute nephritic syndrome. |
| bacterial cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder caused by bacterial infection, commonly coexisting with bacterial urethritis, both of which together constitute a UTI; sometimes referred to as a bladder infection. |
| chronic glomerulonephritis | Progressive condition in which the glomeruli suffer gradual destructive changes, with resulting loss of kidney function; also called chronic nephritis. |
| diabetic nephropathy | Kidney disease associated with diabetes that results in inflammation, degeneration, and sclerosis of the kidneys. |
| diuresis | Abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine. |
| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) | Final phase of kidney disease. |
| enuresis | Involuntary urination during sleep; also called bedwetting. |
| glucosuria, glycosuria | Sugar in the urine. |
| hydronephrosis | Condition in which the renal pelvis and calyces become distended and dilated and begin to atrophy due to urine outflow obstruction. |
| interstitial cystitis | Chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder lining not caused by infection or other identified pathology. |
| interstitial nephritis | Pathological changes in renal tissue that destroy nephrons and impair kidney function. |
| nephrotic syndrome | Uncommon disorder marked by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia (low blood albumin), hyperlipidemia (high blood lipids), and hypercoagulability (high tendency to form blood clots). |
| neurogenic bladder | Bladder dysfunction (retention, incontinence, or altered capacity) due to disease or injury of the central nervous system or certain peripheral nerves. |
| phimosis | Narrowing or stricture of the foreskin opening of the penis. |
| polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | Group of hereditary, progressive disorders in which cysts (small sacs of fluid) form in the kidneys, eventually destroying them. |
| pyelonephritis | Inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the renal pelvis and kidney. |
| renal calculus | Small stone, composed of mineral salts, that may obstruct portions of the kidneys or a ureter; also called kidney stone. |
| renal colic | Severe, intermittent pain caused by spasms of the ureter. |
| renal failure | Acute or chronic failure of the kidneys to effectively eliminate fluids or wastes from the body; acute renal failure (ARF) is a medical emergency but reversible. |
| tubular necrosis | Renal failure caused by acute injury to the renal tubules. |
| uremia | Increased level of urea or other wastes in the blood. |
| urinary frequency | Need to urinate more often than normal. |
| urinary incontinence (UI) | Involuntary urine leakage upon physical stress, such as a cough or sneeze (stress incontinence), after failing to reach a toilet in time (functional incontinence) or directly following the strong urge to urinate (urge incontinence). |
| urinary retention | Inability to urinate. |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | Inflammation and infection caused by bacterial growth in the urinary tract, usually the bladder (cystitis). |
| urinary urgency | Need to urinate immediately. |
| vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) | Abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back into the ureter. |
| Wilms tumor | Rapidly growing type of kidney cancer that most commonly affects children; also known as nephroblastoma or malignant neoplasm of kidney. |
| 24-hour urine specimen | Total urine excreted over 24 hours, collected for analysis. |
| bladder ultrasound (bladder scan) | Noninvasive use of a portable ultrasound device to measure the amount of retained urine. |
| blood urea nitrogen (BUN) | Laboratory value used to measure kidney function, based on nitrogen levels in the blood. |
| culture and sensitivity (C&S) | Process of growing microorganisms and then exposing them to antimicrobial drugs to determine which ones kill them most effectively. |
| cystoscopy | Visual examination of the bladder lining with a cystoscope |
| extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy | Procedure in which shock waves or sound waves crush stones in the kidneys or urinary tract. |
| hemodialysis | Filtration of wastes and fluid from blood while it passes through selectively permeable membranes; also called dialysis. |
| intravenous pyelogram (IVP) | X-ray examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder after injection of a contrast medium. |
| KUB | Radiological imaging (x-ray) of the abdomen, specifically the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. |
| peritoneal dialysis | Filtration of fluid and wastes from the blood using the lining of the patient’s peritoneal cavity as a dialyzing membrane. |
| serum creatinine | Laboratory value used to measure kidney function that is more specific than BUN. |
| urinalysis (UA) | Visual and microscopic analysis of a urine specimen |
| urinary catheterization | Insertion of a tube into the bladder via the urethra to drain urine, obtain a urine specimen, or instill medication (Fig. 10-9). Foley is a type of urinary catheter commonly used with hospital inpatients. A small balloon keeps the catheter in place. The u |
| voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) | Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra during urination. |
Created by:
klaustel