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6 digestive
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| an/o | anus |
| append/o | appendix |
| appendic/o | appendix |
| bil/i | bile |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| cec/o | cecum |
| cheil/o | lip |
| labi/o | lip |
| chol/e | bile, gall |
| cholangi/o | bile duct |
| cholecyst/o | gallbladder |
| choledoch/o | common bile duct |
| col/o | colon |
| colon/o | colon |
| dent/o | teeth |
| odont/o | teeth |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| gloss/o | tongue |
| lingu/o | tongue |
| hepat/o | liver |
| ile/o | ileum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| lapar/o | abdomen, abdominal wall |
| or/o | mouth |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pept/o | digestion |
| phag/o | eating, swallowing |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| proct/o | rectum, anus |
| pylor/o | pylorus |
| rect/o | rectum |
| sial/o | saliva, salivary gland |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| steat/o | fat |
| stomat/o | mouth, mouthlike opening |
| Abd | abdomen |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BRP | bathroom privileges |
| CA | cancer |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| NG | nasogastric |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| PO | by mouth |
| PR | per rectum |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| SBO | small bowel obstruction |
| UGI | upper GI x-ray |
| achalasia | A rare disorder in which the lower esophageal sphincter does not relax during swallowing; can lead to dysphagia in advanced cases. |
| anorexia nervosa | Physical and psychiatric disorder that involves a combination of an intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and self-imposed starvation. |
| appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix causing abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting; confirmed by history and physical followed by ultrasound or computed tomography (CT) scan. |
| ascites | Accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity. |
| bowel obstruction | Partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine; common causes include volvulus, intussusception, tumors, and adhesions (scar tissue). |
| bulimia nervosa | Physical and psychiatric disorder that involves a combination of obsessively eating huge quantities of food with purging behaviors. |
| Campylobacter infection | Infection with Campylobacter organisms via contaminated food or water, resulting in intestinal illness. |
| celiac disease | An autoimmune disease involving intolerance to gluten. The gluten damages the villi lining the small intestine. The villi and their epithelial cells are flattened, resulting in impaired nutrient absorption. |
| cholecystitis | Inflammation of the gallbladder, usually secondary to the presence of gallstones. |
| cholelithiasis | Condition in which gallstones (calculi) form in the gallbladder or biliary ducts. Gallstones typically are made of either crystallized cholesterol or calcium. The stones can cause upper abdominal pain and nausea when they block the common bile duct or cys |
| cirrhosis | Chronic liver disease characterized by scarring and loss of normal structure. Typically due to chronic alcoholism, certain bacterial and viral infections, or fatty liver changes. |
| Crohn disease | Disorder involving inflammation and edema deep into the layers of the lining of any part of the GI tract; also called regional enteritis. |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation of one or more diverticula (tiny pouches in the intestinal wall). |
| diverticulosis | Condition in which diverticula form in the intestinal wall due to increased pressure. |
| E. coli O157:H7 infection | Dangerous strain of Escherichia coli that produces toxins that can severely damage the intestinal lining, resulting in bloody diarrhea. |
| emesis | Vomiting |
| esophageal varices | Varicose veins of the distal end of the esophagus. |
| esophagitis | Inflammation of the esophageal lining. |
| food poisoning | Common term for several illnesses caused by eating food contaminated with bacterial or toxic organisms; sometimes called dysentery. |
| gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach’s mucosal lining. |
| gastroenteritis | Inflammation of the stomach and intestines; often referred to as the stomach flu (although influenza is not the cause); most common causes are the rotavirus and norovirus. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Backflow of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus, causing esophagitis. |
| hemorrhoids | Internal or external varicose veins of the anal area. |
| hepatitis | Chronic inflammation of the liver, caused by one of several viruses |
| hernia | Protrusion of a structure through the wall that normally contains it. |
| hiatal hernia | Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the chest cavity; also called hiatus hernia. |
| intussusception | Slipping or telescoping of a portion of the bowel into itself, causing obstruction or ischemia. |
| irritable bowel syndrome | Chronic condition characterized by alternating episodes of constipation and diarrhea; involves abdominal pain with at least two of the following criteria: relationship of pain to defecation, change of consistency of stool, or change of elimination frequen |
| jaundice | Condition marked by yellow staining of body tissues and fluids due to excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood. |
| malabsorption syndrome | Inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract, especially the small intestine. |
| malnutrition | Nutritional deficiency due to inadequate intake or absorption of protein, vitamins, minerals, or other vital nutrients. |
| oral herpes | Vesicular eruption in or on the mouth caused by herpesvirus; also called herpes labialis or cold sore. |
| oral thrush | Infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of candida, but mainly Candida albicans; also called candidiasis. |
| pancreatitis | Acute or chronic inflammation of the pancreas; most common cause is alcohol. |
| peptic ulcer | Inflamed lesion in the gastric or duodenal lining. |
| peritonitis | Inflammation of the organs and structures within the peritoneal cavity. |
| pseudomembranous enterocolitis | Inflammatory condition of both small and large bowels that results in severe watery diarrhea; usually associated with the bacterium Clostridioides difficile and commonly called C. diff. colitis. |
| salmonellosis | Intestinal infection caused by various types of salmonella organisms. |
| short bowel syndrome | Malabsorption and malnutrition disorder created by the loss of a significant portion of functioning bowel. |
| small bowel obstruction (SBO) | Blockage of normal passage of intestinal contents. |
| ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammatory disease of the lining of the colon and rectum marked by up to 20 liquid, bloody stools per day. |
| volvulus | Twisting of the bowel upon itself, causing obstruction. |
| barium enema | Enema containing a substance that shows up clearly under x-ray and fluoroscopic examination. |
| barium swallow | X-ray examination of the esophagus after the patient has swallowed a liquid that contains barium. |
| computed tomography (CT) scan | Computerized collection and translation of multiple x-rays into a three-dimensional picture, creating a more detailed and accurate image than traditional x-rays |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | Radiographic examination through a fiber-optic endoscope of vessels that connect the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas to the duodenum after injection of a radiopaque material. |
| fecal occult blood test (hemoccult) | Test of fecal specimen for presence of hidden blood. Gastroccult: Test of gastric contents for pH level and presence of blood. |
| Helicobacter pylori test | Test that detects the presence of antibodies to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the most common cause of gastric ulcers. |
| laparoscopy | Exploration of abdominal contents with a laparoscope. |
| lithotripsy | Treatment using sound waves to break up renal stones in the kidney, stones in the bladder or ureter, and gallstones. |
| liver function tests (LFTs) | Tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), that determine the liver’s ability to perform its many complex functions. |
| lower endoscopy | Visual examination of the GI tract from the rectum to the cecum; variations include the colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and proctoscopy |
| lower GI x-ray | X-ray of the large intestine after rectal instillation of barium sulfate. |
| oral cancer screening | Examination of the oral cavity, lips, and sides of the tongue for signs of cancer. |
| stool culture | Examination of a fecal specimen for abnormal bacteria and other microorganisms. |
| ultrasound | Test in which ultrahigh-frequency sound waves are used to outline the shapes of various body structures. |
| upper endoscopy | Visual examination of the GI tract, from the esophagus to the duodenum. |
| upper GI x-ray (UGI) | X-ray that involves the use of a contrast medium to help visualize abdominal organs, including the stomach and esophagus. |
Created by:
klaustel