acute respiratory distress syndrome

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

continuous positive airway pressure

potential of hydrogen (measure of acidity or alkalinity)

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respiratory system 4

Question	Answer
aer/o	air
alveol/o	alveoli
anthrac/o	coal, coal dust
bronch/o	bronchus
bronchi/o	bronchi
bronchiol/o	bronchiole
carcin/o	cancer
chondr/o	cartilage
coni/o	dust
diaphragmat/o	diaphragm
epiglott/o	epiglottis
laryng/o	larynx
lob/o	lobe
muc/o	mucus
nas/o	nose
rhin/o	nose
or/o	mouth, mouthlike opening
stomat/o	mouth
orth/o	straight
ox/i	oxygen
ox/o	oxygen
pharyng/o	pharynx
phon/o	sound, voice
pleur/o	pleura
pneum/o	lung, air
pneumon/o	lung
pulmon/o	lung
sinus/o	sinus
spir/o	breathing
thorac/o	thorax
tonsill/o	tonsil
trache/o	trachea
ABGs	arterial blood gases
AFB	acid-fast bacillus
ARDS	acute respiratory distress syndrome
CF	cystic fibrosis
CO2	carbon dioxide
COPD	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPAP	continuous positive airway pressure
CPR	cardiopulmonary resuscitation
CPT	chest physiotherapy
CXR	chest x-ray
DOE	dyspnea on exertion
MDI	metered dose inhaler
O2	oxygen
OSA	obstructive sleep apnea
PE	pulmonary embolism
PFT	pulmonary function test
pH	potential of hydrogen (measure of acidity or alkalinity)
PND	paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
PPD	purified protein derivative
R	respiration
RA	room air
SIDS	sudden infant death syndrome
SOB	short(ness) of breath
stat	immediate(ly)
T&A	tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
TB	tuberculosis
URI	upper-respiratory infection
VC	vital capacity
VT	tidal volume
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)	Life-threatening condition characterized by progressive hypoxemia due to severe lung injury that develops secondary to another lung trauma or disorder. Excessive fluid fills the alveoli, which interferes with gas exchange.
allergic rhinitis	Inflammation of the nasal membranes, caused by allergies.
asbestosis	Respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of asbestos fibers.
asthma	Disease marked by episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airways, resulting in wheezing, SOB, and cough.
atelectasis	Partial collapse of the alveoli and tiny airways of the lung.
bronchitis	Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial airways. Bronchitis is caused by irritation or infection, or both, from pathogens. It can be acute or chronic.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)	The group of progressive lung diseases that exhibit increased resistance to air movement, prolongation of the expiratory phase of respiration, and loss of lung elasticity. The chronic obstructive lung diseases include emphysema, chronic obstructive bronch
coal worker’s pneumoconiosis (CWP)	Respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of coal dust; often called black lung or anthracosis.
coryza	Acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa; the common cold.
COVID-19	a respiratory infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Co for corona, so called because the virus’s spikes give it the look of a crown or halo. VU for virus. D for disease. 19 for year
crackles	Abnormal crackly lung sound—like the sound of Rice Krispies—heard with a stethoscope, caused by air passing over retained secretions or by the sudden opening of collapsed airways.
croup	Acute viral disease, usually in children, marked by a barking, “seal-like” cough and respiratory distress.
cystic fibrosis (CF)	Fatal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and COPD in children.
deviated septum	Condition in which the nasal septum is displaced to the side, causing the two nares (nasal passages) to be unequal. The displacement can cause difficulty breathing, recurrent respiratory infections, and snoring.
emphysema	Disorder marked by abnormal increase in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole and irreversible destruction of the alveolar walls, resulting in loss of normal elasticity and progressive dyspnea.
empyema	Collection of infected fluid (pus) between the two pleural membranes that line the lungs.
epistaxis	Episode of bleeding from the nose; commonly known as a nosebleed. Most common causes are dry air, trauma, infection, medications, and chemical inhalation.
hemoptysis	Coughing up blood from the respiratory tract.
hemothorax	Condition in which blood or bloody fluid has collected within the pleural space, causing lung compression and respiratory distress.
histoplasmosis	Systemic respiratory disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, a fungus found in soil contaminated with bird droppings.
hypercapnia	Chronic retention of CO2, causing symptoms of mental cloudiness and lethargy.
influenza	Common, contagious, acute viral respiratory illness; commonly called flu.
laryngitis	Condition of inflammation of the larynx, evidenced by a temporary hoarseness or loss of the voice.
legionellosis	Bacterial lung infection caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila.
nasal polyps	Rounded tissue growths on the nasal or sinal mucosa.
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)	Dysfunctional breathing that occurs when the upper airway is intermittently blocked during sleep.
orthopnea	Labored breathing that occurs when lying flat and improves when sitting up.
pharyngitis	Inflammation of mucous membranes and lymphoid tissues of the pharynx; commonly called sore throat.
pleural effusion	Excess collection of fluid in the intrapleural space.
pleurisy	Inflammation of the pleurae, mostly due to viral infections, causing sharp inspiratory chest pain; also called pleuritis.
pneumoconiosis	Any disease of the respiratory tract caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of dust particles.
pneumonia	Bacterial or viral infection of the lungs. The alveoli become inflamed, causing accumulation of fluid or pus. Bacterial infections are more severe. Signs and symptoms are fever, chills, productive cough (mucous is produced), malaise, dyspnea, tachypnea, c
pneumothorax	Condition in which air collects in the intrapleural space causing complete or partial collapse of the lungs; categorized as open, closed, spontaneous, or tension and commonly called collapsed lung.
pulmonary embolism (PE)	Sudden obstruction of a pulmonary blood vessel by debris, blood clots, or other matter.
pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)	Contagious infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism, primarily affecting the lungs but sometimes also spreading to and affecting other organ systems. Spread by droplets, its signs and symptoms are coughing up blood (hemoptysis), chronic
rhonchi	Coarse, gurgling sound heard in the lungs with a stethoscope, caused by secretions in the air passages.
silicosis	Respiratory disease caused by chronic or repetitive inhalation of silica (quartz) dust.
sinusitis	Inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities.
stridor	High-pitched upper-airway sound heard without a stethoscope, indicating airway obstruction; a medical emergency.
upper-respiratory infection (URI)	Infection and inflammation of upper-airway structures, usually caused by a virus; often called the common cold.
wheeze	Somewhat musical sound heard in the lungs, usually with a stethoscope, caused by partial airway obstruction (such as with asthma).
arterial blood gases (ABG)	Measurement of O2 and CO2 levels and acid-base balance (pH balance) in arterial blood.
auscultation:	Listening for sounds within the body, especially from the chest, neck, or abdomen; typically done with a stethoscope.
bronchoscopy	Visual examination of the airways of the lungs
chest x-ray (CXR	Radiological picture of the lungs.
Mantoux test	Intradermal injection of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) just beneath the surface of the skin to identify whether the patient has been exposed to tuberculosis.
metered dose inhaler (MDI)	Handheld device used to deliver medication to the patient’s lower airways. A metered dose inhaler with a spacer, or extender, allows the patient to avoid having to synchronize inhalation with the medication’s release from the inhaler
nebulizer	Device that produces a fine spray or mist to passively deliver medication to a patient’s deep airways
pleurodesis	Infusion of a sterile, irritating substance into the pleural space, causing the pleural linings to fuse to one another by developing scar tissue.
postural drainage	Placement of the patient in various positions that facilitate drainage of secretions from the lungs, often done along with chest physiotherapy (CPT).
pulmonary angiography	Radiographic examination of pulmonary circulation after injection of a contrast dye.
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)	Group of tests that provide information regarding lung capacity; sometimes called spirometry
pulse oximetry	Indirect measurement of the saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) to help determine if sufficient oxygen is being delivered to the body. The normal level in a person with healthy lungs is 96% to 99%.
sputum analysis	Examination of mucus or fluid coughed up from the lungs. thoracentesis: Surgical puncture of the chest wall to remove fluid from the interpleural space; also called pleurocentesis
vital capacity (VC)	Measurement of the volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration.

Created by: klaustel

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