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4 cardiovascular
cardiovascular
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| angi/o | vessel |
| vas/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| ather/o | thick, fatty |
| atri/o | atria |
| cardi/o | heart |
| coron/o | heart |
| electr/o | electricity |
| hem/o | blood |
| hemat/o | blood |
| phleb/o | vein |
| ven/o | vein |
| scler/o | hardening |
| thromb/o | thrombus (clot) |
| valv/o | valve |
| valvul/o | valve |
| vascul/o | blood vessel |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| AF, A-fib | atrial fibrillation |
| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
| AV, A-V | atrioventricular |
| BP | blood pressure |
| bpm | beats per minute |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CP | chest pain |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| DVT | deep-vein thrombosis |
| ECG, EKG | electrocardiogram |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| HF | heart failure |
| HR | heart rate |
| HTN | hypertension (high blood pressure) |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| INR | international normalized ratio |
| LA | left atrium |
| LV | left ventricle |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MR | mitral regurgitation |
| MS | mitral stenosis |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| P | pulse |
| PAC | premature atrial contraction |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTCA | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| RA | right atrium |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| RV | right ventricle |
| V-fib | ventricular fibrillation |
| VT, V-tach | ventricular tachycardia |
| VTE | venous thromboembolism |
| anemia | Group of disorders generally defined as a reduction in the mass of circulating red blood cells. |
| aneurysm | Weakening and bulging of part of a vessel wall. |
| angina | Heart pain or other discomfort felt in the chest, shoulders, arms, jaw, or neck, caused by insufficient blood and oxygen to the heart; usually a symptom of heart disease. |
| arrhythmia | Loss of heart rhythm (rhythmic irregularity). |
| arteriosclerosis | Thickening, loss of elasticity, and loss of contractility of arterial walls; commonly called hardening of the arteries. |
| atherosclerosis | The most common form of arteriosclerosis, marked by deposits of cholesterol, lipids, and calcium on the walls of arteries, which may restrict blood flow. |
| atrial fibrillation (AF, A-fib) | Common irregular heart rhythm marked by uncontrolled atrial quivering resulting in ineffective ejection of blood into the ventricles and an irregular ventricular response (apical pulse rate). |
| bruit | Soft blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow in a vessel. |
| cardiac tamponade | Serious condition in which the heart becomes compressed from an excessive collection of fluid or blood between the pericardial membrane and the heart. |
| cardiomyopathy | Group of conditions in which the heart muscle has deteriorated and functions less effectively. |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | Inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body, resulting in lung congestion and dyspnea. |
| cor pulmonale | Condition of right ventricular enlargement or dilation from increased right ventricular pressure; also called pulmonary heart disease or right-sided heart failure. |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | Narrowing of the lumen, or inner open space of a vessel, of heart arteries due to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. |
| deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) | Development of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs; also known as thrombophlebitis. |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | Serious condition that arises as a complication of another disorder, in which widespread, unrestricted microvascular blood clotting occurs; primary symptom is hemorrhage. |
| embolus | Undissolved matter floating in blood or lymph fluid that may cause an occlusion and infarction. |
| endocarditis | Infection of the inner lining of the heart that may cause vegetation to form within one or more heart chambers or valves. |
| hypertension (HTN) | Blood pressure that is consistently higher than 140 systolic, 90 diastolic, or both. |
| ischemia | Temporary reduction in blood supply to a localized area of tissue. |
| malignant hypertension | Rare, life-threatening type of hypertension evidenced by optic-nerve (eye) edema and extremely high systolic and diastolic blood pressure. |
| mitral regurgitation | Condition in which the mitral valve does not close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium; also called mitral insufficiency or mitral incompetence. |
| mitral stenosis | Condition in which the mitral valve fails to open properly, thereby impeding normal blood flow and increasing pressure within the left atrium and lungs. |
| murmur | Blowing or swishing sound in the heart due to turbulent blood flow or backflow through a leaky valve. |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | Death of heart-muscle cells due to occlusion of a vessel; commonly called heart attack. |
| myocarditis | Condition in which the middle layer of the heart wall becomes inflamed. |
| pericarditis | Acute or chronic condition in which the fibrous membrane surrounding the heart becomes inflamed. |
| peripheral artery disease (PAD) | Condition of partial or complete obstruction of the arteries of the arms or legs; similar to peripheral vascular disease (PVD), which includes both arteries and veins. |
| polycythemia vera | Chronic disorder marked by increased number and mass of all bone marrow cells, especially RBCs, with increased blood viscosity and a tendency to develop blood clots. |
| Raynaud disease | Disorder that affects blood vessels in the fingers, toes, ears, and nose, marked by vessel constriction and reduced blood flow in response to triggers such as cold temperature. The affected area turns white and then blue (cyanosis) before changing to red |
| rheumatic heart disease | Complication of rheumatic fever in which inflammation and damage occur to parts of the heart, usually the valves. |
| shock | Syndrome of inadequate perfusion (circulation of blood, nutrients, and oxygen through tissues and organs) as a result of hypotension or low blood pressure. |
| thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) | Type of vascular disease associated with tobacco use, marked by inflammation and clot formation within small vessels of the hands and feet, which may lead to gangrene and surgical amputation; sometimes called Buerger disease. |
| varicose veins | Bulging, distended veins due to incompetent valves, most commonly in the legs. |
| ventricular fibrillation | Quivering of the ventricular heart muscle fibers instead of an effective heartbeat, which leads to incomplete filling of the heart chambers, a sudden drop in blood pressure, and a loss of blood supply to vital organs. |
| ventricular septal defect (VSD) | A defect or opening in the septum of the ventricles. It is the most common congenital heart defect in infants. Small VSDs will usually close, but larger VSDs need surgical corrections. Diagnosed by auscultation of a murmur and echocardiogram. |
| angiography | Diagnostic or therapeutic radiography (radiological imaging) of the heart and blood vessels. |
| automated external defibrillator (AED) | Small computer-driven defibrillator that analyzes the patient’s rhythm, selects the appropriate energy level, charges the machine, and delivers a shock to the patient. |
| automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) | Very small defibrillator, surgically implanted in patients with a high risk for sudden cardiac death, that automatically detects and treats life-threatening arrhythmias. |
| cardiac catheterization | Evaluation of the heart vessels and valves via the injection of dye that shows up under radiology |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | Emergency procedure that provides manual external cardiac compression and sometimes artificial respiration. |
| cardioversion | Restoration of normal sinus rhythm (NSR) by chemical or electrical means. |
| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | Surgical creation of an alternate route for blood flow around an area of coronary arterial obstruction |
| defibrillation | Delivery of an electric shock with the goal of ending ventricular fibrillation and restoring NSR. |
| electrocardiography (ECG, EKG): | Creation and study of graphic records (electrocardiograms) of electric currents originating in the heart |
| event recorder | Portable monitoring device that records heart rhythms while the patient is having symptoms. Recordings can be immediately transmitted to the health-care provider to detect and analyze dysrhythmias and other medical conditions. |
| Holter monitor | Portable device worn by a patient during normal activity that records heart rhythm for 24 to 48 hours |
| international normalized ratio (INR) | Standardized method of checking the prothrombin time (PT); used to monitor and adjust warfarin (Coumadin) dosage to maintain a balance between clot prevention and excessive bleeding. |
| pacemaker | Device that can trigger the mechanical contractions of the heart by emitting periodic electrical discharges. |
| partial thromboplastin time (PTT) | Measure of blood-clotting time, used to monitor heparin therapy. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that slows the clotting time of blood. A balance must be maintained between clot prevention and excessive bleeding. |
| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) | Method of treating a narrowed coronary artery via inflation and deflation of a balloon on a double-lumen catheter inserted through the right femoral artery |
| prothrombin time (PT) | Procedure that measures the clotting time of blood; used with the INR to assess levels of anticoagulation in patients taking warfarin (Coumadin). A balance must be maintained between clot prevention and excessive bleeding. |
| stress test: | Treadmill test that can show if the blood supply is reduced in the arteries that supply the heart. |
| transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) | Study of the heart via a probe placed in the esophagus. |
| troponin | Protein released into the body by damaged heart muscle. A high troponin T or troponin I level is considered the most accurate blood test result to confirm the diagnosis of an MI. Other conditions can also increase troponin levels, such as acute renal fail |
Created by:
klaustel