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ch 10/11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adenoid root | adenoid/o (aden (gland) oid (resembling a gland)) |
| tonsil root | tonsill/o latin word almond |
| larynx root | laryng/o |
| trachea root | trache/o greek word rough, windpipe |
| nose function | the nose serves to warm, clean, and moisten the air |
| what does the nose consist of | two nostrils (nares), a septum, and tube shaped cartilage inside the nose (turbinates) |
| why does the nose bleed easily | it is very vascular meaning it contains many blood vessels |
| what does the blood in the nose vessels do | warms the air as it enters into the rest of the respiratory tract |
| nose mucus function | clean and moisten the air |
| nose hair function | line the nose and filters out dust and other particles |
| sternum root | stern/o, breastbone, comes to a point at the bottom, called the xiphoid process, greek word sword |
| oxygen root | ox/o |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| eupnea | good/normal breathing |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| atelectasis a/tel/ectasis | incomplete expansion |
| bronchiectasis bronchi/ectasis | expansion of the bronchi |
| chylothorax | chyle (milky bodily fluid) in the chest |
| empyema | pus in the chest |
| hemothorax | blood in the chest |
| phrenoplegia | paralysis of the diaphragm |
| phrenoptosis FREN-awp-TOH-sis | drooping of the diaphragm |
| pleural effusion | fluid pouring out into the pleura |
| pneumohemothorax | air and blood in the chest |
| pneumothorax | air in the chest |
| pulmonary edema | swelling in the lungs |
| pyothorax | pus in the chest |
| tracheostenosis | narrowing of the trachea |
| hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide |
| hypercarbia | excessive carbon dioxide |
| hypocapnia | insufficient carbon dioxide |
| hypocarbia | insufficient carbon dioxide |
| hypoxemia | insufficient oxygen in the blood |
| hypoxia | insufficient oxygen |
| capnography | procedure to record carbon dioxide levels |
| capnometer | instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels |
| endoscope | instrument to look inside |
| nasopharyngoscope | an instrument to look into the nose and throat |
| oximetry | procedure to measure oxygen levels |
| spirometry spih-ROM-eh-tree | procedure to measure breathing |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal passages |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the sinus |
| pansinusitis | inflammation of all the sinuses |
| antitussive ANT-ih-TUSS-iv | a drug that prevents coughing |
| bronchodilator | a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi |
| expectorant | a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs |
| mucolytic | a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus |
| nebulizer | a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a "cloud" or mist that is inhaled by the patient |
| ABG | arterial blood gas: analysis of the gases in the blood |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| Bx | biopsy |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CT | computed tomography |
| pectoriloquy | speaking from the chest |
| rhinorrhagia | excessive blood flow from the nose |
| phrenospasm (hiccups) | involuntary contraction of the diaphragm |
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood |
| gastrointestinal system | responsible for turning food into energy |
| Digest | from di (dia) meaning through and gest meaning to carry |
| three main types of usable food fuel | protein, fat, carbohydrates |
| mouth roots | or/o, stomat/o |
| what is the lower GI tract made of | small and large intestines |
| what is the small intestine (longest part of GI) made of | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| duodenum function | chemicals from the liver (bile) and pancreas mix with food |
| main role of the large intestine | absorb water from the remaining food |
| where does stool pass | ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon into rectum |
| other organs in GI that helps break down food | liver and pancreas |
| largest gland in body | liver |
| liver function | many roles in nutrition, gets ride of toxins, energy storage, makes bile |
| where is bile sent | the small intestine and gallbladder |
| how does bile enter the small intestine | by common bile duct |
| bile function | breaks big pieces of fat into smaller pieces |
| pancreas function | makes enzymes that breaks apart protein, fat, and carbs |
| stomatodynia | pain in mouth |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| acid reflux | pain in esophagus (esophalgia), stomach acid coming the wrong way |
| stomach pain | (gastralgia) a hole in the lining of stomach or inflammation |
| dyspepsia | discomfort with eating |
| emesis | vomit |
| dyspepsia | bad digestion |
| esophagalgia | pain in the esophagus |
| eupepsia | good digestion |
| gastralgia | stomach pain |
| gastrodynia | stomach pain |
| gingivalgia | gum pain |
| gingivostomatitis | inflammation of the mouth and gums |
| first step in examining pt with GI complaints | visual inspection |
| very large fluid filled abdomen | ascites |
| second step | palpate the abdomen |
| guarding | tensing abdominal muscles in response to pain |
| specific goal of palpation | locating the liver's edge |
| enlarged liver | hepatomegaly |
| purpose of examining stool | looking for nutrients that have not been broken down or absorbed correctly |
| fat in stool | steatorrhea (indicates disease) |
| test that looks for blood in stool | fecal occult blood test |
| test to look for bacteria in stool | stool culture |
| gastromalacia | softening of the stomach |
| gastroparesis | partial paralysis of the stomach |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| gingivoglossitis JIN-jih-voh-GLAWS-ai-tis | inflammation of the gums and tongue |
| glossoplegia | paralysis of the tongue |
| odontoclasis | breaking of a tooth |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| anophony | sound from the anus |
| flatus FLAH-tus | passing gas |
| hernia | rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it |
| steatorrhea | excessive fat discharged in the feces |
| ascites | retention of fluid in the peritoneum |
| biligensis | formation of bile |
| cholelith KOHL-ih-LITH | gallstone, a stone in the bile |
| hepatomalacia | softening of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| hepatoposis | downward displacement of the liver |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| sialoangiectasis SAI-ah-loh-AN-jee-EK-tah-sis | overexpansion of the salivary vessels |
| sialolith sai-AL-oh-lith | stone in the saliva |
| sialostenosis | narrowing of the salivary glands |
| epigastric | upper center portion of the abdomen (upon the stomach) |
| hypochondriac | upper side portions of the abdomen (beneath the ribs) |
| hypogastric | lower center portion of the abdomen |
| inguinal | lower side portions of the abdomen (groin) |
| lumbar | middle side portions of the abdomen (loin) |
| umbilical | middle center portion of the abdomen |
| common GI problems | infection, inflammation, change in function, problems in tract structure |
| most common GI problem | infection in tract |
| acute gastroenteritis | infection in entire GI tract (vomiting or diarrhea) |
| less common infections of GI | infection to liver (hepatitis) or pancreas (pancreatitis) |
| how is infectious hepatitis caused | by a virus and presents with pain jaundice and or vomiting |
| chief symptom of pancreatitis | intense pain |
| ulcerative colitis | caused by inherited disorders or acquired due to stress or reaction to medication |
| stomach inflammation | gastritis |
| gastroesophageal reflux | food comes back up from stomach |
| antacid | agent that neutralizes acid |
| antiemetic | agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting |
| cathartic | agent that produces bowel movements |
| sialagogic | agent that causes salivation |
| BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| CCE | cholecystectomy |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatopgraphy |
| EUS | endoscopic ultrasound |
| FOBT | fecal occult blood test |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV, HBV, HCV | hepatitis A, B, C |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| NGT | nasogastric tube |
| NPO | nothing by mouth (nihil per os) |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| PEJ | percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal |
Created by:
kaci20