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Genetics Unit 1
Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genotypic class | a grouping defined by a set of related genotypes that produce a particular phenotype. Useful in describing progeny of dihybrid or multihybrid cross involving complete dominance. For example, in a cross between AaBb, the classes are A-B-, A-bb, aaB-, aabb |
| epistasis | a gene interaction in which the effects of alleles at one gene hide the effects of alleles at another gene |
| the epistatic gene | the gene doing the masking |
| the hypostatic gene | the gene being masked |
| recessive epistasis | a gene interaction in which the effects of recessive alleles at one gene hide the effects of alleles at another gene |
| the Bombay phenotype | homozygosity for a recessive allele (hh) of a second gene masks the effects of any ABO alleles that might be present. An example of recessive epistais |
| recessive epistasis phenotypic ratio | labrador retrievers - 9:3:4 |
| reciprocal recessive epistasis phenotypic ratio | sweet pea flowers - 9:7 |
| reciprocal recessive epistasis | the dominant alleles of two genes acting together (A-B-) produce a characteristic, while the other three genotypic classes (A-bb, aaB-, and aabb) do not |
| dominant epistasis | a phemonmenon where the effects of a dominant allele at one gene hide the effects of alleles at another gene |
| dominant epistasis phenotypic ratio | summer squash - 12:3:1, chickens- 13:3 |
| reciprocal dominant epistasis | The dominant A allele is epistatic to bb, and the dominant B allele is epistatic to aa; only in the absence of both A and B (in aabb plants) will skinny leaves develop. |
| reciprocal dominant epistasis phenotypic ratio | leaves - 15:1 |
| redundant gene action | a phenomenon where dominant, functional alleles of either one or the other of two genes is required in a pathway |
| additive gene interaction | four distinct F2 phenotypes |
| heterogenous | a characteristic caused by a mutation in any one of a number of different genes |
| locus heterogeneity | describes a trait where mutations in any one of two or more genes results in the same mutant phenotype |
| complementation test | method of discovering whether two mutations are in the same or separate genes. |
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