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hematology
cardio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 'whole blood' | replaces blood volume and all blood products |
| PRBC's packed red blood cells | increases O2 carrying capacity - ONE unit raises HCT by 2-3% |
| autologous RBC (self donated ) | client donates own blood 4-5 weeks prior to surgery |
| Platelets PTL | Used in pt's with thrombocytopenia -low platlets- ONE unit increases platlet count by 5000(fresh is more effective ) |
| Albumin (if low= swelling ) | blood volume expander |
| clotting factors and cryoprecipitate | contains fibrinogen; used in clotting factor deficency |
| FFP | fresh frozen plasma |
| TRANSFUSION REACTIONS | -- |
| Type and crossmatch for compatibility | Both donor & recipient |
| administration of mismatched blood can lead to = | HEMOLYSIS of RBC's |
| reaction typically = | 5-15 minutes - but can happen anytime |
| frequent assessment required= | before and during transfusion |
| if reaction begins = (4 steps ) | D/C transfusions and bag of saline attached start fresh bag and tubing of normal saline blood product, saline, and all tubing must be returned for testing call physician |
| Hemolytic reaction is defined as = | incompatibility between client and donor blood |
| hemolytic reaction step | STOP transfusion immediately follow protocol |
| hemolytic reaction signs and symptoms include | fever, chills, reddish or brown urine, tachycardia, hypotension |
| Febrile reaction is defined as | sensitivity to WBC, platelets or plasma proteins NO hemolysis |
| signs and symptoms febrile reaction | fever, chills, headache and anxiety TXT: with antipyretics |
| (mild) allergic reaction is | mild sesnitivty to infused plasma proteins |
| signs and symptoms of allergic reaction | flushing, urticaria, (with or without itching) |
| STEPS FOR MILD allergic reaction | MAINTAIN ABCDE'S |
| SEVERE antigen/antibody reaction S/S | dyspnea, stridor, chest pain, hypotension, flushing maintain ABCDE'S |
| CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD (HYPERVOLEMIA ) | Blood administered too fast for circulation |
| s/s circulatory overload | dyspenea, distened neck veins, crackles, tachycardia, and hpertension |
| SEPSIS= | CONAMINATED BLOOD ADMINISTEERED |
| S/S SEPSIS | high fever, chills, vomiting, hypotension oliguria ADMIN antibiotics |
| INTERENTIONS | STOP transfuisons KVO- NEW normal saline and tubing do not use normal saline from blood transfusions Y set ; the filter contains blood new tubing must be used notify MD |
| INTERENTIONS | follow facilty protocol send blood container, attached infusion set and IV solution to blood bank |
| BLOOD ADMINISTRATION | only NS obtain from blood bank do not store on unit fridge admin 30 min finish wihtin 4 hours |
| blood admin | 2 RN's to check bedside 18/ 20 gauge |
| important | I&O is important patient may be premedicated 30min proior to transfusion |
| 1unit of blood 1 unit of PRBC's | 500 ml 300 ml |
| improved saftey | patient identification and before initiating : match blood to order patient to blood 2 person RN verification |
Created by:
mmishue