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ch.9 cardio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many rooms/chambers of the heart? | 4 |
| What are the left and right receiving rooms? | Atria |
| What are the left and right sending rooms? | ventricles |
| left side of heart function | handles oxygen rich blood |
| right side of heart function | oxygen poor blood |
| septum | thick wall that divides the left and right sides |
| valve root | valvul/o |
| valve function | to prevent blood from flowing backward |
| heart root | coron/o |
| The word coronary is used to refer to what? | the heart blood's supply |
| vessel root | angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o |
| aorta | aort/o |
| aorta function | the main artery leaving the heart and distributing oxygenated blood throughout the body |
| artery root | arteri/o |
| fatty plaque | ather/o |
| vein | phleb/o, ven/o |
| angina pectoris | oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart |
| arrhythmia/dysrhythmias | irregular heartbeat |
| palpitation | rapid or irregular beating of the heart |
| pectoralgia | chest pain |
| blood pressure function | measures how strong the flow of blood is in the body |
| when is the pressure in arteries the highest? | when heart muscle fibers are contracting and sending blood out of the ventricles |
| systole first number | arterial pressure |
| diastole second number | refers to the pressure on the vessels when the heart is relaxed and filling with blood |
| most common cause of high blood pressure (hypertension) | when blood vessels are caked with hard deposits and higher pressure is needed to force blood through them |
| how is blood pressure measured | by listening to the changed in the sound of blood flow through an artery as a special cuff is constricted |
| endocardium | tissue lining the inside of the heart |
| epicardium | tissue lining the outside of the heart |
| myocardium | heart muscle tissue |
| pericardium | tissue around the heart |
| bradycardia | slow heartbeat |
| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
| cyanosis | bluish appearance to the skin- a sign that the tissue isn't receiving enough oxygen |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound |
| tachycardia | rapid heartbeat |
| vena cava | large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart |
| inferior vena cava | portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body |
| superior vena cava | portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms) |
| angiogenesis | development of blood vessels |
| angiolith | stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel |
| angiopoiesis | formation of blood vessels |
| angiosclerosis | hardening of a blood vessel |
| aortectasia | dilation of the aorta |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of an artery |
| atherogenesis | formation of a fatty plaque on the wall of an artery |
| artherosclerosis | hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque |
| embolism | blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus |
| embolus | mass of matter present in the blood |
| ischemia | blockage of blood flow to an organ |
| occulsion | closing or blockage of a passage |
| phlebosclerosis | hardening of a vein |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| varicose vein | an enlarged dilated vein toward the surface of the skin |
| angiogram | record of the blood vessels |
| angiography | procedure to describe the blood vessels |
| aortogram | record of the aorta |
| arteriogram | record of an artery |
| venogram | record of a vein |
| angioscope | device for looking into a blood vessel |
| cardiac catherization | process of inserting a catheter into the heart |
| echocardiogram | image of heart produced by sound waves |
| echocardiography | the use of sound waves to produce an image |
| electocardiogram | record of the electrical currents of the heart |
| electrocardiography | procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart |
| sonography | use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images/ultrasound |
| stress electrocardiogram | records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress |
| transesophageal echocardiogram | record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus |
| vascular endoscopy | procedure to look inside a blood vessel |
| floppy muscle | dilated |
| too tight muscles | restrictive |
| too weak muscles | congestive |
| too thick muscles | hypertrophic |
| inflammation of heart muscles | myocarditis |
| inflammation along the lining of the heart and vessels | endocarditis |
| percutaneous coronary intervention | alternate treatment for a coronary artery that passes instruments up a patient's blood vessels into the heart |
| pericardiocentesis | puncture of the tissue around the heart |
| pericardiotomy | incision into the tissue around the heart |
| valvectomy | surgical remove of a heart valve |
| valvotomy | incision into the heart valve |
| valvuloplasty | surgical reconstruction of a heart valve |
| ventriculotomy | incision into a ventricle |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| A-fib | atrial fibrillation |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CO | Cardiac output |
| CTA | computed tomographic angiography |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| HTN | hypertension |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention |
| SCA | sudden cardiac arrest |
| SC | stroke volume |
| TEE | Transesophageal echocardiogram |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| axillary cephalic basilic median ante ulnar radial brachial w subclavian | veins in the upper extremities |
| upper chamber of the heart | atri/o |
| lower chamber of heart | ventricul/o |
| partition or dividing structure | sept/o |
| means crown | coron/o |
| how many types of cells does blood have | 3 |
| red (erythrocytes) | the transport trucks that bring oxygen to all the cells of the body and take away the waste |
| white (leukocytes) | fight infection |
| platelets (thrombocytes) | small scab makers of the body/patches things up |
| what is included in the lymphatic system | lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus |
| lymph vessels function | carry immune proteins to all parts of the body |
| lymph nodes and spleen function | acts as filters in the body, filtering out dangerous things like infectious agents and cancerous cells |
| ecchymosis | easily bruised (can be due to low platelet level) |
| petechiae | small flat red spots on body |
| hemorrhage | bleeding more than most |
| immunodeficiency | weakened immune system |
| neutrophils (neutropenia) | low in a specific type of white blood cells |
| leukocytosis | high number of white blood cells |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| erythrocytosis | abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| leukocytosis | increase in the number of white blood cells |
| leukopenia | deficiency in white blood cells |
| neutropenia | deficiency in neutrophil |
| normocyte | normal sized red blood cell |
| ollgocythemia | deficiency in the number of red blood cells |
| pancytopenia | deficiency in all cellular components of the blood |
| phagocytosis | process in which phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris |
| poikilocytosis | condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes |
| polycythemia | excess of red blood cells |
| reticulocyte | immature red blood cell the root comes from its netlike appearance |
| spherocyte | red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape |
| thromboembolism | blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed |
| thrombogenic | capable of producing a blood clot |
| thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot |
| thrombus | blood clot that is stationary |
| asplenia | absence of a spleen or spleen function |
| anemia | not having enough red blood cells to do their job |
| hemolytic anemia | the available red blood cells being low that they break off too easily |
| hemoglobin | the protein that carries oxygen |
| polycythemia | too many red blood cells, making the blood thicker and the flow more difficult |
| immune deficiency | a deficiency of white blood cells that causes vulnerability to infection |
| thrombocytopenia | not having enough platelets in the blood |
| thrombosis | spontaneous clots |
| coagulopathy | not clotting enough/any disease that deals with problems with blood coagulation |
| hypercoagulability | clotting too easily |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body mostly in leg |
| hemoglobinopathy | disease of the hemoglobin |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| AML | acute myeloid leukemia |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CML | chronic myeloid leukemia |
| DIC | Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| HCT | hematocrit |
| HGB | hemaglobin |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| HSM | hepatosplenomegaly |
| hemophilia | a condition where the blood doesn't clot |
Created by:
kaci20