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IMPL 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mechanical Properties | Describe how a material responds to applied forces, such as strength, hardness, toughness, ductility, and elasticity. |
| Chemical Properties | Define how a material reacts with other substances, including corrosion resistance, flammability, oxidation, and chemical stability. |
| Physical Properties | Measurable characteristics of a material without changing its composition, such as density, color, melting point, and electrical/thermal conductivity. |
| Manufacturing Properties | Indicate how a material behaves during processing, including machinability, castability, weldability, and formability. |
| Stress | The internal resistance of a material to an applied force. |
| Strain | The deformation or change in shape resulting from an applied force. |
| Elasticity | A material's ability to return to its original shape and size after the removal of a load; valid only within the elastic limit. |
| Plasticity | The ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation without breaking after the load is removed; occurs in the plastic region. |
| Ductility | The ability of a material to be stretched into wires. |
| Malleability | The ability of a material to be shaped into thin sheets without cracking. |
| Toughness | The ability of a material to absorb energy and resist fracture by undergoing both elastic and plastic deformation. |
| Hardness | A material's resistance to wear, scratching, or indentation. |
| Brittleness | The tendency of a material to break or shatter with little to no plastic deformation; brittle materials absorb very little energy before fracture. |
| Creep | Time-dependent deformation under a constant load. |
| Fatigue | Failure of a material under cyclic (repeated) loading. |
| Resilience | The energy absorbed by a material in the elastic region. |
| Elastic Region | The range where a material returns to its original shape and size once the applied force is removed. |
| Plastic Region | The range where a material undergoes permanent deformation once the applied force exceeds the elastic limit. |
| Hooke's Law | States that within the elastic limit, the stress applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain it produces. |
| Proportional Limit | The highest stress at which stress is directly proportional to strain (the straight-line region of Hooke's Law). |
| Elastic Limit | The maximum stress a material can withstand without permanent deformation. |
| Yield Strength | The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically; beyond this point, deformation is permanent. |
| Ultimate Strength | The maximum stress a material can withstand before necking and fracture occur; the highest point on a stress–strain curve. |
| Modulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus) | A measure of a material's stiffness; defines how much a material will deform (strain) under a given stress within the elastic region. |
| Tensile Test | A sample is pulled apart to measure properties like stress, strain, yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility. |
| Compression Test | A material is compressed to study its behavior under crushing loads. |
| Hardness Test | Measures resistance to indentation, scratching, or wear (e.g., Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers tests). |
| Impact Test | Determines toughness by measuring energy absorbed during sudden loading (e.g., Charpy or Izod test). |
| Fatigue Test | Measures a material's resistance to failure under repeated cyclic loading. |
| Creep Test | Studies slow, time-dependent deformation under constant load and temperature. |