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QuestionAnswer
Mechanical Properties Describe how a material responds to applied forces, such as strength, hardness, toughness, ductility, and elasticity.
Chemical Properties Define how a material reacts with other substances, including corrosion resistance, flammability, oxidation, and chemical stability.
Physical Properties Measurable characteristics of a material without changing its composition, such as density, color, melting point, and electrical/thermal conductivity.
Manufacturing Properties Indicate how a material behaves during processing, including machinability, castability, weldability, and formability.
Stress The internal resistance of a material to an applied force.
Strain The deformation or change in shape resulting from an applied force.
Elasticity A material's ability to return to its original shape and size after the removal of a load; valid only within the elastic limit.
Plasticity The ability of a material to undergo permanent deformation without breaking after the load is removed; occurs in the plastic region.
Ductility The ability of a material to be stretched into wires.
Malleability The ability of a material to be shaped into thin sheets without cracking.
Toughness The ability of a material to absorb energy and resist fracture by undergoing both elastic and plastic deformation.
Hardness A material's resistance to wear, scratching, or indentation.
Brittleness The tendency of a material to break or shatter with little to no plastic deformation; brittle materials absorb very little energy before fracture.
Creep Time-dependent deformation under a constant load.
Fatigue Failure of a material under cyclic (repeated) loading.
Resilience The energy absorbed by a material in the elastic region.
Elastic Region The range where a material returns to its original shape and size once the applied force is removed.
Plastic Region The range where a material undergoes permanent deformation once the applied force exceeds the elastic limit.
Hooke's Law States that within the elastic limit, the stress applied to a material is directly proportional to the strain it produces.
Proportional Limit The highest stress at which stress is directly proportional to strain (the straight-line region of Hooke's Law).
Elastic Limit The maximum stress a material can withstand without permanent deformation.
Yield Strength The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically; beyond this point, deformation is permanent.
Ultimate Strength The maximum stress a material can withstand before necking and fracture occur; the highest point on a stress–strain curve.
Modulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus) A measure of a material's stiffness; defines how much a material will deform (strain) under a given stress within the elastic region.
Tensile Test A sample is pulled apart to measure properties like stress, strain, yield strength, ultimate strength, and ductility.
Compression Test A material is compressed to study its behavior under crushing loads.
Hardness Test Measures resistance to indentation, scratching, or wear (e.g., Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers tests).
Impact Test Determines toughness by measuring energy absorbed during sudden loading (e.g., Charpy or Izod test).
Fatigue Test Measures a material's resistance to failure under repeated cyclic loading.
Creep Test Studies slow, time-dependent deformation under constant load and temperature.
Created by: romulols
 

 



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