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Literary Theories
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are literary theories? | Strategies a reader can use to evaluate a text for meaning |
| What are literary theories compared to? | A "lens" you can apply to the story to filter out a specific meaning. Multiple lenses can be used on the same text to find a variety of meanings |
| What is literary criticism? | when another author, referred to as a critic, considers literary works through various lenses and writes commentary expressing their thoughts |
| What do critics aim to do? | to explain the significance behind the works and provide additional background information about the text. |
| What are the 13 literary theories? | Anthropological, archetypal, biographical, feminist, gender, formalist, structuralist, historical, historicist, Marxist, post-colonial, psychological, reader-response |
| What does the anthropological theory focus on? What is an example question? | Examining literature through the lens of human culture and societal practices What societal norms of the Italian Renaissance does the play reflect? |
| What does the archetypal theory focus on? What is an example question? | Analyzing recurring symbols, themes, and characters (archetypes) that resonate across cultures and texts How does the play represent the universal theme of forbidden love? |
| What does the biographical theory focus on? What is an example question? | Considering the author's life and experiences to understand and interpret the text How did Shakespeare's life in Elizabethan England shape his characters? |
| What does the feminist theory focus on? What is an example question? | gender dynamics, representation of women, and the critique of patriarchal structures in literature How are the female characters, like Juliet and Lady Capulet, represented in the play? |
| What does the gender theory focus on? What is an example question? | Exploring the construction and representation of gender identities and roles in literature How does the play challenge the traditional gender roles of its time? |
| What does the formalist theory focus on? What is an example question? | Studying a text's structure, style, and literary devices, emphasizing its form over content or context What is the impact of iambic pentameter on the pacing of the play? |
| What does the structuralist theory focus on? What is an example question? | Investigating the underlying structures, such as language and narrative, that shape meaning in texts How does the duality of light and dark imagery develop meaning in the play? |
| What does the historical theory focus on? What is an example question? | Investigating the historical context and its influence on the creation and interpretation of a text What historical attitudes toward family honor shape the conflict and resolutions in the play? |
| What does the new historicist theory focus on? What is an example question? | Examining the interplay between a text and the cultural and political context of its time How does the play critique the cultural ideologies of Shakespeare's time? |
| What does the Marxist theory focus on? What is an example question? | Analyzing class struggles, socioeconomic power structures, and ideology in literature How does the play reflect the social hierarchy of the time, specifically the Nurse's role? |
| What does the post-colonial theory focus on? What is an example question? | Exploring themes of colonization, identity, and resistance in texts from or about colonized regions How does the play explore issues of "othering" in the context of societal divisions? |
| What does the psychological theory focus on? What is an example question? | Applying psychological theories to characters, authors, and themes to reveal deeper meanings What do Romeo's actions reveal about his psychological state? |
| What does the reader-response theory focus on? What is an example question? | the reader's interpretation and how individual perspectives shape understanding of a text How would a reader's experience with family impact their interpretation of the play? |
| What is the difference between historical theory and new historicist theory? | New Historicist: History and the story's events shape each other. Historical: History is a backdrop to the story. |
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