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Fire Terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Alpha Side | The front or street-facing side of a structure. |
| Structure Side Designations | Designations given to structural sides in a clockwise order starting from Alpha. |
| Bravo Side | The side located immediately clockwise from the Alpha side. |
| Charlie Side | The rear or alley side of a structure, clockwise after Bravo. |
| Delta Side | The side of a structure located clockwise after the Charlie side. |
| Fireground Assignments | Specific tactical tasks given to crews, which may become their radio designation. |
| The Black | Already burnt areas in a grass fire, used safely for firefighting operations. |
| Code Red | An evacuation procedure for interior personnel during imminent life hazard situations. |
| Cold Zone | A contamination-free support zone used safely for planning and staging. |
| Command Statement | Initial radio size-up by the first arriving officer covering conditions, command, and strategy. |
| Command Statement Example | E20 is on scene. We have a single-story residential structure with light, laminar smoke coming from a window on the Bravo side. E20 crew will be recon while I get a 360. I will be Street Command and will be mobile. |
| Control line | Constructed or natural barriers and retardant treated fire edges used to control fire spread. |
| Defensive mode | Actions intended to control a fire by limiting its spread to a defined area. |
| Division | A designation given to a crew based on their geographic location. |
| Emergency Traffic | High priority, critical safety communications broadcast to command, not used if safety is in jeopardy. |
| Extrication | The removal of victims from entrapment, such as wrecked vehicles or machinery. |
| Fire Attack | Crew tasked with applying water to the fire, initially from exterior then interior. |
| Fire Break | A natural or constructed barrier used to stop or check fire spread. |
| Fire extension | The movement of fire from one area to another. |
| Fire Line | The part of a control line scraped or dug down to mineral soil. |
| Flank | Parts of a fire's perimeter growing to the sides, running parallel to spread direction. |
| Grass Fire | A fire in a grassy area, also referred to as a wildland fire. |
| High Angle | Rope rescue technique for incapacitated persons on slopes of 60 degrees or steeper. |
| High Rise | A building over 75 feet tall, or four stories or taller. |
| Hot Zone | Also called the exclusion zone, Area with actual or potential contamination and highest potential for hazardous exposure. |
| Inner Circle | Personnel operating near or in direct contact with patients and vehicles involved. |
| Interior | Crew tasked with operations inside a structure, including search, rescue, and extinguishment. |
| Knock-Down | Status indicating that the main flames of a fire have been extinguished. |
| Hazmat Levels | Incident severity categories: Level 1 (local), Level 2 (regional/state), and Level 3 (federal). |
| Loss Stopped | Status indicating a structure is no longer being damaged by fire or firefighting. |
| Mayday | A radio distress signal used when a firefighter is in immediate danger. |
| MVA | Acronym for Motor Vehicle Accident. |
| Offensive Mode | Tactical operations making a direct attack on a fire to control or extinguish it. |
| Overhaul | The search for remaining fire or smoldering in voids and hidden spaces. |
| Primary All Clear | A fast, initial search for victims conducted during or immediately after fire attack. |
| Recon | A fast exploration of an incident to examine hidden conditions, also called a 360. |
| R.I.T. (Rapid Intervention Team) | A crew staged outside a structure fire prepared to rescue trapped or injured firefighters. |
| Safety | A unit assigned to oversee firefighter safety and monitor for unrecognized hazards. |
| Salvage | Efforts to preserve property by removing items or covering them with tarps. |
| Secondary All Clear | A second, thorough search for victims completed after the fire is controlled. |
| Sector | A designation given to a crew based on their functional assignment or task. |
| Size Up | The initial impressions of first arriving units regarding conditions and hazards present. |
| Swift Water Rescue | A subset of technical rescue dealing with fast moving, turbulent, or "white" water. |
| Tanker | An airplane that drops water or retardant on fires from the air. |
| Technical Rescue | Rescue operations employing tools and skills exceeding normal firefighting and EMS limits. Technical rescues include rope or high angle, swift water, trench, elevator, and structural collapse rescue among others. |
| Tender | A truck used to supply water. |
| Under Control | Status indicating the fire is extinguished to the point of no longer spreading. |
| USAR | Acronym for Urban Search and Rescue; a support vehicle carrying technical rescue supplies. |
| Ventilation | The removal of smoke, heat, and combustion products from a structure using airflow. |
| Warm Zone | The transition area between the exclusion and support zones where decontamination takes place. |
| Water Supply | Assignment requiring a crew to bring water to the truck pumping attack lines. |
| 360 | A search around the perimeter of an incident to locate conditions and hazards. |
| 10-4 | clear/ok/yes |
| 10-32 | subj armed with gun |
| 10-50 | vehicle accident |
| 10-79 | PT deceased |
| 10-96 | mental subj |
| Code 99 | CPR in progress |
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