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Pharmacology
GI Medications for Nursing Students
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Parietal cells are responsible for producing gastric acids | |
| Antacids are acid neutralizers which are good for neutralizing acids already in the stomach | |
| Examples of antiacids are calcium carbonates (tums) aluminum hydroxide (mylanta) magnesium oxide (maalox) sodium bicarbonate | |
| Calcium carbonate (tums) can lead to kidney stones and constipation | |
| Magnesium oxide (milk of magnesium or maalox) produces electrolyte imbalances | |
| Upper gastric intestinal drugs are used for GERD heartburn peptic ulcers hyperacidity | |
| Adverse effects for upper gastric intestinal drugs are constipation diarrhea electrolyte imbalances | |
| Nursing interventions for upper GI drugs are separate from other drugs 1-2 hrs for absorption of 1st medication give after medications at bedtime monitor bowel function monitor electrolytes | |
| Antacids decrease absorption of many medications, especially QUINOLONE antibiotics | |
| H2 means Histamine 2 which are responsible for helping with gastric acids | |
| Examples of H2 receptors antagonist are famotidine (Pepcid) cimetidine (Tagamet) Ranitidine (Zantac) | |
| H2 reduce gastric acid secretion and is used for GERD Gastric ulcers Heartburn | |
| H2 receptors adverse effects are dizziness confusion hallucinations headache | |
| H2 nursing interventions are monitor liver function take with a full glass of water change positions slowly assess for drug interactions | |
| Cimetidine (Tagamet) has many drug interactions | |
| Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) drug purposes are to suppress gastric acid production | |
| Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) drug examples are ("prazole") omeprazole (Prilosec) pantoprazole (Protonix) esomeprazole (Nexium) lansoprazole (Prevacid) | |
| Proton Pump Inhibitor (PP)I drugs are used for GERD esophagitis ulcers | |
| Major risks of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) drugs are C. Difficile infection (stomach bug) hypomagnesemia fractures with long term use | |
| Nursing interventions with Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) drugs are avoid NSAIDs teach smoking cessation administer before meals monitor bowel functions | |
| Longterm Proton Pump Inhibitor use increases fracture risks | |
| Antiemetics common medications are ondansetron (Zofran) promethazine (Phenergan) metoclopramide (Reglan) scopolamine patch aprepitant (Emend) | |
| Scopolamine patch is administered behind the ears for motion sickness or pregnant women for morning sickness | |
| Nursing interventions for antiemetics are give before chemotherapy avoid CNS depressants monitor liver functions administer before travel for motion sickness | |
| Antiemetics is used for nausea motion sickness (take in advance for travel) vomiting chemotherapy (induced nausea) | |
| Antiemetics adverse effects are dry mouth drowsiness constipation hypotension | |
| Ondansetron (Zofran) is a nausea medication used before chemotherapy | |
| Gastrointestinal (GI) stimulant such as Metoclopramide (Reglan) makes GI tract move faster (increases GI motility) | |
| GI stimulants are used for GERD and gastric stasis, when stomach doesn't empty | |
| Serious adverse effects of GI stimulants are extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) - shakiness, tremors, stiff muscles tardive dyskinesia-tongue protrudes neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fatal ICU)- high fever, muscle rigidity (tight stiff), b/p fluctuat | |
| Nursing interventions of GI stimulants are assess for involuntary movements monitor for depression administer before meals | |
| Longterm use of GI stimulants can cause irreversible tardive dyskinesia (tongue protrusions) | |
| Lower GI drugs are called antidiarrheals which stop constipation loperamide (Imodium) diphenoxylate (Lomotil)- has opioid in it and need a prescription bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto)- can cause black stool | |
| Nursing interventions for antidiarrheals are monitor hydration increase fluids monitor electrolyte | |
| Antiflatulents help pass gas examples are anti acids (Gas X) simethicone activated charcoal | |
| nursing interventions for antiflatulents are give after meals encourage ambulation monitor stool characteristics | |
| Laxatives are enemas that route straight to bowel and need water to prevent constipation | |
| Examples of laxatives are docusate stool softener psyllium methylcellulose bulk forming increase fluids (fiber) senna, bisacodyl stimulant short-term use only lactulose, PEG (MiraLAX) osmotic monitor electrolyte mineral/oil emollient watch vit absorb | |
| Nursing intervention for all laxatives are increase fluids encourage mobility assess bowel sounds monitor I/O | |
| Lactulose lowers ammonia levels in liver disease patients Lactulose pulls bowel from the outside Potassium ammonia from blood stream |
Created by:
Daarina Jones