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TEAS PREP 1
TEAS PREP
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the different joint types? | Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints |
| What are fibrous joints? | Fibrous joints are bones that are connected by ligaments; They are also refered to as synarthrosis joints because they don't move |
| List some examples of fibrous joints. | - Sutures (the joints between the bones of the skull) - Syndesmosis (the joint between the radius and ulna in the forearm) - Gomphosis (the joints between the roots of the teeth and and their sockets) |
| What are cartilaginous joints? | Cartilaginous joints are joints that are surrounded by hyaline cartilage; They are classified as amphiarthrosis because they allow some movement |
| List some examples of cartilaginous joints. | - Synchondrosis (the costochondrial joint that attaches the ribs to the sternum; elastic cartilage) - Symphysis (the joint that connects the pelvic bone and the cartilage between the invertebral discs; fibrous cartilage, stronger but less flexible) |
| What are synovial joints? | Synovial joints are joints that have a fluid-filled cavity; they are refered to as diarthrosis joints because they are freely moveable with a wide range of motion |
| List some examples of synovial joints. | Hinge, pivot, plane/gliding, ball and socket, condyloid/ellipsoid, and saddle joint. |
| Describe the movement of hinge joints. | Allows movement in only 1 axis, like a door hinge; does flexion & extension; found in the elbows, knees, and fingers |
| Describe the movement of pivot joints. | Allows for rotation; found in the elbows and neck |
| Describe the movement of plane/gliding joints. | Allows for gliding; extansion, flexion, abduction, & adduction; found in the feet and wrists |
| Describe the movement of ball and socket joints. | Allows for almost all movements; prone to dislocation; found in the shoulder and hip |
| Describe the movement of condyloid/ellipsoid joint. | Allows movement in 2 axises; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction; found in the hand and feet knuckles |
| Describe the movement of saddle joints. | Allows some rotation; flexion, extension, abduction, adduction; found in the thumb and sternoclavicular joint |
| Describe the location and function of the cerebrum. | Location: upper part of the cranial cavity and is the largest part of the brain Function: Thought, action, emotion, and interpretation of sensory data |
| Describe the location and function of the cerebellum. | Location: The cerebellum is at the back of the brain, below the cerebrum. Functions: It coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech. |
| Describe the location and function of the brainstem. | Location: The brainstem is a lower extension of the brain, connecting to the spinal cord. Functions: This part of the brain controls many basic life-sustaining functions, including heart rate, breathing, sleeping, and eating. |
| Describe the location and function of the frontal lobe. | Location: This is the anterior or front part of the brain. Functions: Decision making, problem solving, control of purposeful behaviors, consciousness, and emotions. |
| Describe the location and function of the parietal lobe. | Location: Sits behind the frontal lobe. Functions: Processes sensory information, including touch, temperature, and pain. Also senses body position and movement in space, which helps with balance and coordination |
| Describe the location and function of the temporal lobe. | Location: Below the lateral fissure, on both cerebral hemispheres. Functions: Mainly revolves around auditory perception and is also important for the processing of both speech and vision (reading). |
| Describe the location and function of the occipital lobe. | Location: At the back of the brain. Functions: Main center for visual processing. |
| List the 3 layers of skin. | Epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis |
| What is the epidermis? | The outermost layer, responsible for protection and barrier function. |
| List the sublayers of the epidermis. | Stratum Basale– Produce keratinocytes Stratum Spinosum– Provides structural support Stratum Granulosum– Produces keratohyalin for waterproofing Stratum Lucidum– Found in thick skin Stratum Corneum– Composed of dead keratinocytes, form the outer layer |
| What is the dermis? | The middle layer, rich in blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. Also contains skin glands. |
| List the sublayers of the dermis. | Papillary Layer – Loose connective tissue that contains capillaries and sensory neurons. Reticular Layer – Dense irregular connective tissue that provides tensile strength. |
| List the different types of skin glands. | Sebaceous Glands - produce sebum for skin and hair Eccrine Sweat Glands - release sweat Apocrine Sweat Glands - produce sweat on the armpits and groin Ceruminous Glands - secrete earwax Mammary Glands - produce milk |
| What is the hypodermis? | The deepest layer, composed mainly of fat and connective tissue. Connects skin to muscle and bones. |
| What are the different types of muscle tissue? | Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. |
| What is cardiac muscle? | Muscle found exclusively on the heart |
| What is skeletal muscle? | Muscle attached to the bones |
| What is smooth muscle? | Muscle that lines the walls of hollow organs and tubes in the body, including blood vessels, the digestive tract, airways, bladder, etc. |
| List the stages of mitosis in order. | Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis |
| Describe interphase. | DNA replicates and the cell prepares for division |
| Describe prophase. | Chromosomes become visible, centrioles seperate and move to poles |
| Describe metaphase. | Chromosomes line up and attach spindle fibers at the centromere |
| Describe anaphase. | Spindle pulls apart sister chromatids into seperate chromosomes |
| Describe telophase. | Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms |
| Describe cytokinesis. | Cytoplasm seperates and two identicle daughter cells form |
| List 3 types of chemical bonds. | Ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds |
| Describe ionic bonds. | Sharing of electrons between two atoms |
| Describe covalent bonds. | Two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| Describe hydrogen bonds. | Weaker attractions between polar molecules |
Created by:
bbrdd2