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A & P part 1
A & P II study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? | hypothalamus |
| ____controls hormone concentrations. | negative feedback |
| What are soluble in lipids, combine with protein receptor molecules on the surface of the cell, and act by causing a cascade of cellular reactions resulting in the actions specified by the hormone? | steroid hormones |
| Control of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus usually involves all of the following EXCEPT | increasing fluid intake |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) is a hormone secreted by the | thyroid gland |
| Secretion of glucagon causes | an increase in the concentration of blood glucose |
| Target cells for releasing hormones are in the | anterior pituitary |
| Hormone(s) secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress is/are | epinephrine and norepinepherine |
| Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands | secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior |
| Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Type I) is | an autoimmune disease |
| Which of the following is secreted by nerve fibers in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? | antidiuretic hormone (ADH) [& Oxytocin] |
| Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs? | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| Insulin causes | a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose |
| The parathyroid hormone | increases blood calcium levels |
| As a rule, hormone concentrations are controlled by | negative feedback mechanisms |
| The primary male sex hormone is | testosterone |
| Growth hormone is produced by the | posterior pituitary |
| An iodine deficiency causes a condition called _____ , which results in high levels of TSH. | goiter |
| The ___ gland is located in the brain, secretes melatonin, and regulates circadian rhythms within the body. | pineal |
| Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to | conserve sodium and excrete potassium |
| Kidneys release a hormone that regulates red blood cells production. This hormone is | erythropoietin |
| The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces | antigens A and B |
| Which of the following elements is included in hemoglobin molecules? | iron |
| The percentage of solids in a sample of human blood is normally about | 45% |
| Oxyhemoglobin is _____ in color, whereas deoxyhemoglobin is ____in color. | Bright red; bluish |
| What is the difference between serum and plasma? | plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not |
| The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the | red blood cells |
| Plasma electrolytes include | bicarbonate, magnesium, chloride, and potassium ions |
| The most active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are | neutrophils and monocytes |
| 4,500-10,000 cells per microliter of blood is the normal value for | a white blood cell count |
| Compounds produced by the immune system to combat specific antigens are called | antibodies |
| Of the antigens in the RH group, the most important is antigen ____ | D |
| Platelets are best described as | cytoplasmic fragments of cells |
| Specific measures that health-care workers should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace are called | Universal Precautions |
| A monocyte is a | agranulocyte |
| The final event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of | fibrinogen to fibrin |
| Erythroblastosis fetalis is most likely to become a problem in RH-negative mothers as | a second RH-positive fetus develops |
| Circulation is vital because it | supplies oxygen and nutrients to and removes wastes from tissues |
| Which of the following blood types is the most common in the US? | O |
| A person with type AB blood can successfully receive blood from a person with type(s) _______blood. | A, B, and O |
| If a person with type B blood receives blood from a person with type A blood, the donor's cells _____. | are likely to agglutinate |
| Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the | external jugular vein |
| The external carotid arteries branch to structures in the | scalp, face, and base of the skull |
| The celiac artery provides blood to the | liver and spleen |
| Which of the following is not a normal response to physical exercise? | increased blood flow to the abdominal viscera |
| Marjorie suffers from phlebitis. She has | inflammation of her veins |
| The longest vein in the body is the | great saphenous vein |
| The pulmonary trunk divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries about ___ centimeters above its origin | 10 |
| A "ductless" gland is known as a/an | endocrine gland |
| A blood clot is called a | thrombus |
| An abnormally slow heart rate is termed | bradycardia |
| Which of the following correctly describes the location of the heart chambers and valves? | bicuspid valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle |
| When the ventricular walls contract, | the bicuspid and tricuspid valves close |
| The right atrium receives blood directly from | the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus |
| In an ECG pattern, the P wave is caused by | depolarization of atrial muscle fibers |
| What statement is not true about a pulse? | The radical pulse equals the rate of the contraction of the left atria |
| Potassium ions (K+) and calcium ions (Ca++) influence heart actions. Which of the following statements is true? | Excess K+ concentration may cause the heart to suddenly stop or go into cardiac arrest. |
| The correct sequence of parts that function to carry cardiac impulses is | S-A node, A-V node, A-V bundle, Purkinje fibers |
| The right and left coronary arteries arise from the beginning of the | aorta |
| Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs? | right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve |
| A blood clot that breaks away and moves to another site is called a/an | embolus |
| Which of the following correctly matches the valve to its function? | Mitral valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle |
| Which of the following helps return blood to the heart? | Contracting skeletal muscles |
| Exchange of the gasses oxygen and and carbon dioxide occur between tissues and blood within | capillaries |
| The pulmonary circuit___ | sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs and back to the heart |
| The pain of angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the | heart |
| A heartbeat heard with a stethoscope sounds like "lubb-dupp". The "lubb" sound is due to the | AV valves closing and the ventricles contracting |
| The strong, fibrous strings that attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves preventing the cusps from swinging backwards into the atria are | chordae tendineae |
| In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by | repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers |
| Factors that increase heart rate and blood pressure include | emotional responses, exercise, and increase in body temperature |
| Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly matched? | Myocardium-muscular middle layer of the heart |
| The systemic circuit | sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues |
| The blood pressure in the large systemic arteries is greatest during | ventricular systole |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
brainybunch