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xray 2
suffering
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the three types of things that can happen to photons during an xray | scatter, absorption, and transmission |
| the interaction type for photons that causes fog and reduces image contrast | scatter |
| the interaction type for photons where they get absorbed by the subject | absorption |
| interaction type for photons that pass through the body to interact with the image sensor | transmission |
| what type of radiation involves an electron interacting with an inner shell electron of the target atom | characteristic |
| what type of radiation involves a projectile electron interacting with the nucleus of an atom | bremsstrahlung |
| three main reasons for tube failure | heat, filament, arcing via tungsten vaporization |
| tube failure can be caused by ____ ________ _____ | long exposure times |
| the cathode side of the tube should be directed toward the _______ part of the patient | thicker |
| what percent of the kinetic energy from electrons is converted into xrays in the tube | 1% |
| only at energies above 10 MeV can __________________ take place | photodisintegration |
| the two primary forms of xray interaction in the diagnostic range are: | compton scattering and photoelectric absorption |
| the strength of attachment an electron has to its atom's nucleus is called ________ ______ ______ | electron binding energy |
| the two components of filtration: | inherent and added |
| type of filtration that's part of the tube envelope | inherent |
| "This filtration exists by the virtue of how it is made:" | inherent |
| the cathode is made up of the ________ and ________ ___ | filament, focusing cup |
| a thin sheet placed between the collimator and protective housing of the tube. attenuates the xray beam. (what type of filtration is this?) | added filtration |
| in the diagnostic range, most xrays are ______________ xrays. | bremsstrahlung |
| type of scattering that contributes to fog on the xray and a dose to the radiographer | compton |
| type of scattering that comes from a low energy xray beam made by a photon interacting with an atom and changing direction with no energy change | coherent |
| type of scattering that comes from a normal energy xray and ejects an outer shell electron (the xray continues in a different direction) | compton scattering |
| type of absorption where the xray gets absorbed after hitting an inner shell electron (which then gets ejected and becomes a photoelectron) | photoelectric absorption (effect) |
| type of absorption when an xray comes into contact with the nucleus of an atom and it releases a positron and electron | pair production |
| type of absorption where an xray is absorbed directly by a nucleus, then the nucleus releases a nucleon/nuclear fragment | photodisintegration |
| "this type of filtration uses filters" | added. |
| as kVp increases, the energy of the photons made _________. | increases |
| what type of filtration more effectively absorbs low energy xrays before they can interact with the patient? | added |
| four basic tube components | glass envelope, cathode, anode, protective housing |
| tube current is adjusted by controlling the filament _______ | current |
| "this type of scatter radiation occurs when a photon interacts with an electron and transfers part of its energy to the electron. The photon changes direction and has less energy. These photons are the main cause of scatter radiation. | compton scatter |
| the 15% rule in xray? | a 15% increase in kVp is the equivalent of doubling the mAs |
| a 15% increase in ___ is the equivalent of doubling the ___ | kVp, mAs |
| the xray beam is made up of _______ (IT ISNT ELECTRONS PLEASE GOD DONT SAY ELECTRONS) | photons :) |
| the anode heel effect means that the photons on the anode side of the tube has ____ energy than the photons on the cathode side | less |
| the part where the xrays exit the tube. its also a part of the glass envelope thats thinner. | tube window. |
| kVp determines ________ of the xray | quantity |
| mAs determines the _______ of the xray | quality |
| most of the tube heat is dissipated by | radiation |
| xray mounting where the tube is hanging from the uhh. top of the room | ceiling mounting |
| xray mounting where the unit is fully on the ground | floor mounting |
| xray mounting shaped like a C | C-arm |
| without a focusing cup, the electron beam is spread beyond the anode because of mutual _____________ _________ among the electrons | electrostatic repulsion |
| the most widely used support structure for the xray tube is the _______ _______ ______ | ceiling support system |
| most of the xrays produced at the target are ______________ | bremsstrahlung |
| ____ __________ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and nuclear medicine | pair production |
| the protective housing prevents excessive leakage _________ and prevents electric shock | radiation |
| metallic shroud that contains two filaments | focusing cup |
| this type of radiation is produced when an electron changes direction due to the attractive force of a nucleus and is responsible for most medical xrays | bremsstrahlung |
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banditbandit