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A & P part 2
A & P II study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heart valve cells can be damaged through | autoimmunity |
| B cells divide and differentiate into _____ which produce and secrete antibodies | plasma cells |
| Cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells by releasing perforin, which cuts holes in | cell membranes |
| The largest lymphatic organ that contains nodules similar to lymphatic nodules, and contains many phagocytes is ___ | spleen |
| Phagocytic leukocytes include___ | monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils |
| ____ initiate(s) a cascade effect in response to foreign proteins in the body | The complement sysem |
| in the cellular immune response | T cells attach directly to antigens and destroy them |
| The type of resistance that is acquired as a result of developing a disease____ | naturally acquired active immunity |
| Ultraviolet light, infection, and chemical exposure all cause | inflammation |
| A primary immune response ____, and a secondary immune response_____. | produces antibodies within 5 to 10 days of exposure to antigens, produces antibodies within a day or 2 of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen |
| The antibodies produced in allergic reactions | belong to the immunoglobulin E group |
| Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response? | production of antibodies |
| Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? | Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple sclerosis, and Type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels and nerves pass is called the ____ | hilum |
| The functions of the lymphatic system do not include___ | transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle |
| Injections of gamma globulin are sometimes given to provide _____ | artificially acquired passive immunity |
| Drugs used to reduce the tissue rejection reaction following the transplantation of tissue from one person to another____ | reduce the recipient's immune response |
| An antigen is _______, whereas an antibody is ______. | a foreign substance such as a protein or polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond, a globular protein that reacts with an antigen to eliminate the antigen |
| Newborns can acquire _____ immunity through breast milk. | passive |
| Following a primary immune response, the cells that give rise to memory cells are | both B cells and T cells |
| Which of the following is not a mechanical barrier against microorganisms? | diarrhea |
| In HIV infection, reverse transcriptase | makes DNA from viral RNA |
| What ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder? | digestive system |
| Elliott thought that his peptic ulcers were caused by his nagging parents and was surprised when the doctor handed him a prescription for medication to treat | a bacterial infection |
| In the ________reflex, muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food, the epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea, and the tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate. | swallowing |
| The main part of the stomach is called the _____. | body |
| Functions of the ______include maintaining blood glucose concentration due to its endocrine function, formation of urea which is then transported to the kidneys where it is excreted, and production of bile. | liver |
| The root canal of a tooth contains ____. | blood vessels and nerves |
| ____ is a protein-digesting enzyme in pancreatic juice. | Trypsin |
| Bile is produced by the _____. | liver |
| Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the _____. | esophagus |
| Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. In this condition, her stomach protrudes through the _______. | diaphragm |
| Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCI in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer, If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most? | Proteins |
| The greater omentum is composed of ____. | the peritoneal membrane |
| Salivary amylase digests _____ | carbohydrates |
| Feces contain ______ | electrolytes, undigested food, and bacteria |
| What forms glucose from no carbohydrates? | liver |
| The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the | mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa |
| What is a flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the trachea? | Uvula |
| The teeth that are best adapted for biting off hunks of food are the ____. | incisors |
| All of the enzymes that digest protein are ____ | secreted in an inactive form |
| Secretion of cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is simulated by ______ | protein and fat in the small intestine |
| Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with_____. | both breathing and swallowing |
| The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called _____. | mastication |
| Peristalis occurs in the digestive tract ______. | in the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine |
| Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called_____. | hemorrhoids |
| The fat-soluble vitamins include____. | vitamins A, D, and K |
| Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? | sucrose |
| Diet that provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues is called______ | adequate diet |
| Poor nutrition that results from a lack of essential nutrients is called ____. | malnutrition |
| Binging and purging | bulemia |
| Lipids include _____, ____, and _____. | fats, oils, and cholesterol |
| BMI measures ______. | weight in proportion to height |
| After eating, _____ signals the hypothalamus to suppress appetite. | leptin |
| Evangeline is 5'4" and weighs 200 lbs. According to the BMI chart, she is | obese |
| Which trace element and function is correctly matched? | Iron-part of hemoglobin molecule |
| Inhibition of which hormone may help in weight loss? | ghrelin |
| People suffering mineral deficiencies sometimes compulsively eat non-nutritive substances, such as laundry starch, dirt, hair, and clay, This condition is called ____. | pica |
| What is the name of a hormone made in fat tissue and secreted into the circulation, where it affects the response to insulin. | Adiponectin |
| Which is the following provide(s) a source of complete proteins? | eggs |
| Factors that affect BMR are ____. | body size, body temperature, and the level of endocrine activity |
| Fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by ____. | the lymphatic system |
| The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n) ____. | vein |
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