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BIO 104
Midterms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Water makes up about 75 percent of the total volume of plasma. | False |
| A rupture, or bursting, of the red blood cell is called hemolysis. | True |
| Monocytosis is a process that surrounds, engulfs, and digests harmful bacteria. | False |
| The characteristic symptoms of inflammation are redness, local heat, swelling, and pain. | True |
| Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot in a blood vessel. | True |
| Septicemia is the presence of pathogenic organisms or toxins in the blood. | True |
| Everyone has an Rh factor, which is found on the surface of red blood cells. | False |
| Another term for blood clotting is coagulation. | True |
| Pyrexia is a fever. | True |
| Basophils are activated during an allergic reaction or inflammation. | True |
| A hereditary disease in which blood clots slowly or abnormally is called _____. | hemophilia |
| A deficiency in the number and/or percentage of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is called _____. | anemia |
| _____ are formed in the bone marrow and the spleen. | Monocytes |
| _____ is vital to the function of the red blood cell, helping it transport oxygen to the tissues and some carbon dioxide away from tissues. | Hemoglobin |
| _____ is the most abundant of the plasma proteins. | Albumin |
| What is a blood disease in which there is a decrease in the number of platelets? | Thrombocytopenia |
| Which of the following conditions is most likely to occur in someone who is immobile? | Thrombosis |
| When the donor is the patient himself, it is what type of bone marrow transplant? | Autologous |
| A person who has type A- (A negative) blood can receive a transfusion from which of the following? | Type O- |
| An example of a cellular response to tissue injury is _____. | neutrophil diapedesis |
| After 4 to 5 minutes without blood flow, the brain cells are irreversibly damaged. | True |
| The adult human heart weighs less than one pound. | True |
| The structure of the heart allows it to function as a double pump. | True |
| Murmurs indicate some defects in the valves of the heart. | True |
| A pacemaker is a surgically implanted electronic device that regulates the patient’s heartbeat. | True |
| The heart sounds heard through a stethoscope are caused by the impact of the blood churning in the chambers. | False |
| The Purkinje fibers are located in the atria. | False |
| An arrhythmia is any change or deviation from the normal rate or rhythm of the heart. | True |
| Statins are drugs that may be used to lower cholesterol levels. | True |
| Low blood pressure (hypotension) is a risk factor for heart disease. | False |
| Thirty minutes of physical exercise is recommended for most days of the week as a way to improve health and decrease risk factors for heart disease. | True |
| Invasive procedures are those that do not penetrate the skin or a body cavity. | False |
| A person’s total cholesterol level should be below _____ mg/dl. | 150 |
| Severe chest pain that occurs when the heart does not receive enough oxygen is called _____. | angina pectoris |
| A rapid heartbeat of more than 100 beats per minute is most accurately called _____. | tachycardia |
| The _____ sends out an electrical impulse that begins and regulates the heartbeat. | SA node |
| Cardiac muscle tissue, or _____, makes up the major portion of the heart. | myocardium |
| Which of the following best describes the location of the apex of the heart? | It lies on the diaphragm and points to the left of the body. |
| All, health care workers must have current certification in which of the following? | CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) |
| The blood vessels that bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart are called the _____. | vena cava |
| Instead of using its own lungs, the fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood. | True |
| Arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. | False |
| Capillaries are the largest of the blood vessels. | False |
| Congenital heart defects occur when there is a malformation of the heart during fetal development. | True |
| A stroke is the sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain. | True |
| The portal circulation is a branch of the general circulation. | True |
| In the fetal circulation, blood returns to the placenta via the umbilical veins. | False |
| Cerebral hemorrhage refers to bleeding from the blood vessels within the brain. | True |
| Peripheral vascular disease is caused by blockage of the coronary arteries. | False |
| Hypertension is frequently called the “silent killer.” | True |
| _____ is the death of body tissue as a result of an insufficient blood supply caused by disease or injury. | Gangrene |
| A traveling blood clot is called _____. | embolism |
| The pulse point behind the knee is from the _____ artery. | popliteal |
| The artery that runs along the upper arm and elbow area where a pulse point can be found is called _____. | brachial |
| The opening of the atrial septum in the fetal circulation is the _____. | foramen ovale |
| Deoxygenated venous blood leaves the liver through the _____, which carries it to the inferior vena cava. | hepatic vein |
| Someone with a blood pressure of 130/90, has a pulse pressure of _____. | 40 mm Hg |
| The most common symptom of congenital heart defect is _____. | cyanosis |
| Which of the following blood pressure readings would be considered prehypertension? | 120-130/80-89 |
| Hypotension is usually a systolic reading under ________ mm Hg. | 90 |
| Sound is produced by air being expelled from the lungs and passed over the vocal cords. | True |
| External respiration involves the use of oxygen to release energy stored in nutrient molecules such as glucose. | False |
| The larynx gives resonance to the voice. | False |
| There are about 500 million alveoli in an adult lung. | True |
| Chemical control of respiration is dependent on the level of carbon dioxide in the blood. | True |
| Most respiratory infections are caused by bacteria. | False |
| If the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is too low, it can result in dizziness and fainting. | True |
| Respiratory illnesses account for 20 percent of all acute illness. | False |
| Quiet breathing at a normal rate is called eupnea. | True |
| The most difficult part of breathing for individuals with emphysema is inhaling sufficient amounts of air. | False |
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in the alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries is called _____. | external respiration |
| A deep, prolonged breath that fills the lungs, believed to be caused by the need to increase the level of oxygen in the blood, is called _____. | yawning |
| The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each breath is the _____. | tidal volume |
| An abnormally rapid and shallow rate of breathing is called _____. | tachypnea |
| Inflammation of the throat caused by bacteria or viruses is _____. | pharyngitis |
| Which of the following is an example of diffusion? | Passage of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood |
| Where does oxygen release the energy stored in nutrients to provide heat and energy for body functioning? | Cells throughout the body |
| Overinflation of the lungs during inhalation is prevented by the _____. | stimulation of nerve endings in the walls of the lungs |
| Health care workers use a spirometer to measure the _____. | lungs’ capacity for air |
| The purpose of residual air in the lungs is to _____. | allow the continuous exchange of gases between breaths |
| An important function of the spleen is to destroy and remove worn out red blood cells. | True |
| Lymph vessels are located in almost all the tissues and organs that have blood vessels. | True |
| The function of the thymus is to produce lymph fluid. | False |
| Hodgkin’s disease is also known as the “kissing disease.” | False |
| An immunoglobulin is a protein that functions specifically as an antibody. | True |
| Health care professionals who carefully follow prescribed precautions are at very low risk of contracting HIV from patients. | True |
| Cancer cells can become trapped in lymph nodes, which may necessitate surgical removal of the involved lymph nodes. | True |
| Hodgkin’s disease is usually fatal. | False |
| If a person has been fully immunized as a child, there is no need for vaccines during adulthood. | False |
| Infants must be protected against all types of infection, because they are born without any type of immunity. | False |
| It is not uncommon for a person who contracts HIV to live without serious symptoms for as long as 10 years. | True |
| It is possible for a person who is experiencing no symptoms of AIDS to carry and transmit HIV to others. | True |
| The substance that diffuses from the capillaries into the tissue spaces is called _____. | interstitial fluid |
| The types of immunity a person is born with are called ________ and ________immunity. | natural; passive acquired |
| Which of the following diseases suppresses the body’s immune system? | AIDS |
| By what means is lymph fluid pushed forward through the lymph vessels? | The contractions of skeletal muscles and movements of breathing |
| What action is initiated when lymph enters a lymph node through the afferent vessel? | Response of the immune system |
| The general term for inflammation and swelling of a lymph node is _____. | adenitis |
| Which of the following is the major reason why tonsils are not surgically removed as frequently today as in the past? | The tonsils perform an important role in the body’s defense against infection. |
| Which would be the spleen’s first action in response to a deep knife wound in the leg? | Release red blood cells into circulation |
| Most microorganisms have the ability to cause disease in humans. | False |
| Different people may experience different symptoms from the same viral infection. | True |
| Many fungi are sources of food and medicines that are beneficial to humans. | True |
| The virus that causes measles can be transmitted through the air from one person to another. | True |
| Most infectious diseases are transmitted through direct contact, such as touching someone or kissing them. | False |
| Emotional stress can increase an individual’s chance of becoming a susceptible host for infection. | True |
| If a health care worker is wearing gloves during a client procedure, it is not necessary to wash the hands immediately following the procedure. | False |
| Used needles should never be recapped. | True |
| If transmission-based precautions are used, it is not necessary to use standard precautions. | False |
| The practice of medical asepsis is used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. | True |
| The main reason that the spores of disease-causing bacteria are dangerous is that they _____. | are very difficult to destroy |
| Which of the following microorganisms must live inside the cell of another organism in order to secure nourishment and reproduce? | Viruses |
| The best way to prevent tapeworms is to | cook all meats adequately. |
| Which statement describes the chain of infection? | An interactive process by which infections are transmitted |
| Which of the following is the definition of a fomite? | Nonliving object that is contaminated with an infectious agent. |
| Which of the following is an example of an agent in the chain of infection? | A virus |
| In the chain of infection, which of the following would most likely serve as a portal of exit? | Nose |
| Which of the following is an example of a host in the chain of infection? | Human body |
| Which of the following processes can be used to eliminate all pathogens, except spores? | Disinfecting |
| Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific immune defense? | Skin |
Created by:
Felicia26