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Prep Chem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the law conservation of mass: | states that matter can not be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction however can still change forms to other substances liquid, gas, solid (mass prod=mas reactant |
| Who first saw the law conservation of mass: | Antoine lavoisier |
| What is a reactant: | When two or more new elements chemically interact to make new substances |
| What is a product | Substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction: number of oxygen atom as reaction = number of oxygen as products |
| What is Energy | the capascity of matter to do can be transferred as heat or as work |
| What is work pertaining to energy | force (push or pull) applied over distance : if you haven't moved object you haven't worked ex: throw a ball (body>arm) |
| What is heat | energy transferred from an object with a higher temp to one lower temp: High>Low until both end up same temp, transfer due to differnce in temp |
| How many types of energy are there | 3 Kinetic, Potential, Chemical, |
| What is kinetic energy | KE,energy that posses clue to its motion ex: airplane, falling, astroid |
| What is potential energy | PE, an object possesses due to its relative motion. All chemical changes matter either absorbs or releases ex: sling shot, brown arrow, battery |
| What is chemically potential energy | energy stored in the atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds that make up matter. |
| What is the difference between position and composition | p:different chemicals have different pe because they are made of different atoms, and those atoms have different positions relative to one another C: determines which atoms and mol. end up nest to each other |
| What are the two common units of energy | the calorie and joule. J= the SI unit of energy calorie=the quanity of heat required to raise temp of 1 g by 1 degree C; referred to the amount of energy contained with in Food |
| What is the standard unit of 1 calories, kilocalorie and joules in comparision to one another | 1 kilocalorie=1calorie=1000 calories 1J= 0.2390 cal 1 cal=4.184 J |
| What is conservation of energy | occurs whenever a chemical change occurs if energy is asorbed, products have more PE then reactants if energy is more chem change products will have less chem pe then reatants |
| What is a system | specific portion of matter in a given space that is being studied during an experiment or observation |
| What are surroundings | Everything in the universe that is not part of the system is system loses certain amount energy same amount is gained into surroundings; is system gains certain amount>energy suplied by surroundings |
| What is exothermic | chemical and physical change when heat is realsed by system into surroundings, loses or gives off energy q- |
| What does q mean | bc surroundings gain heat from system temp of surroundings increase, q+ q-, bc of system losing heat |
| What does (Triangle)H mean | change in ethalpy, temp changes, triangle=delta |
| What is a endothermic reactant | heat is absorbed by system from surroundings q+ |
| What is thermochemistry | branch of areodynamics that deal with heat absorbs produced by a chemical reaction |
| Heat is proportinal on two things? | mass of object and temp change evoked by energy transferred |
| What is ethalpy change | process when a pressure is held constant, when a chem reaction occurs there is a characteristic change ethalpy |
| What is the thermochemical equation | q=mc(TR)T T= temp change C= specific m=mass |
| What is thermochemical reaction | chemical reaction that includes an enthalpy change; most interpreted in forms of moles but not individual molecules |
| What are the specific units for heat | j/gc or j/0: specific heat is measured by how much energy is needed to change temp of substone larger heat=more energy |
| What is reactant energy positive or negative | positive: the energy of the reactants has some energy and system increases its energy as it goes to products negative: the ethalpy change of reaction is neg, products less energy then reactants if products lower on vertical energy then reaction |
| What is a calorimetry: | process of measuring changes in ethalpy |
| What is a calorimeter | Energy change goes into the changing temp of the system rather then being leaked |
| What are the different types of the thermochemical reaction equation | q=MC(TR)T M= q/C (TR) T C=q/M(TR)T |
Created by:
annabreuer