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Research
Teaching the Research Process, Credible Sources
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 8 steps of the research process? | 1. Develop a research question 2. Locate reliable sources 3. Take notes 4. Organize information 5. Outline 6. Synthesize research 7. Draft, revise, edit 8.Cite sources |
| What are two teaching strategies for step one? | Provide feedback to narrow or broaden the scope of students' questions. Provide question stems for inquiry |
| What are four teaching strategies for step two? | Provide examples of reliable and unreliable sources. Brainstorm keywords related to a topic. Model how to refine a search with search-enhancing operators ("AND," "OR," and "NOT"). Model how to decide if information is relevant or irrelevant to a question. |
| What are two teaching strategies for step three? | Model how to take notes and summarize information from one or multiple sources. Teach students how to paraphrase sources and give credit to the author. |
| What are two teaching strategies for step four? | Model how to group related concepts and ideas from research notes. Use an I-Chart graphic organizer for inquiry and research. |
| What are two teaching strategies for step five? | Use graphic organizers designed specifically for research Provide examples and practice of how to turn a research question into a thesis statement. |
| What are two teaching strategies for step six? | Model the process of grouping or combining ideas across multiple sources. Use graphic organizers to connect ideas across sources visually. |
| What are three teaching strategies for step seven? | Model the revision and editing processes, emphasizing the importance of logical structure and formal, academic tone. Providing editing checklists. Review how to use transition words and phrases effectively. |
| What are two teaching strategies for step eight? | Model how to embed direct quotes or paraphrased research into writing. Provide examples of properly cited sources. |
| What is the most critical step of the research process? Why? | Choosing an essay topic. You don't want it too broad or too specific, which is difficult. Ex. Economics = Too Big Cost of Bitcoin = Too Small Bitcoin = Just Right |
| What is a primary source? | documents created at the time under study "first-hand accounts" of events |
| What are examples (7) of primary sources? | Autobiographies, letters, diary entries, interviews, news film footage, speeches, and official records |
| What is a pro and a con of using a primary source? | Avoid bias from secondary researchers, but they likely include bias from the original author. |
| What are secondary sources? | documents created after the time under study |
| What are examples (5) of secondary sources? | textbooks, scholarly articles, biographies, and historical critiques Artifact replicas |
| What four questions do you need to ask yourself to decide whether a source is credible or not? Why? | Who wrote it? - determines bias What are the key claims? -Supported or unsupported evidence Where is the source from? - well known? reputable? When was it written? - outdated or current? |
| What is copyright? | The exclusive rights to an item given to the creator Legal protection |
| What is attribution? | Acknowledging the owner of a work |
| What is fair use? | Use of copyrighted material within certain limits |
| What are licenses? | Ways in which people can use copyrighted material |
| What are open sources? | Works meant to be shared freely with the world |
| What is liability? | The state of being legally responsible for something |
| What is a rule of thumb when citing sources? | Proper citations should be included any time the work includes information learned through research, whether directly quoted or paraphrased. |
| What are the six basic pieces of information that a citation requires? | Author's Name Text Title Date of Publication Publishing Company Page Numbers URL and Date of Access (for online sources) |
| What (2) is typically used when doing an in-text citation? | Author's Last Name Page number or article title |
| What is the order of information included in an MLA (Modern Language Association) citation? | Author's last name, First name, title, name of where it's from (unless it's art), publisher (unless it's a magazine ), publication date, page or url (with a date of access if online) |
| When do you use publication dates with MLA? | Print sources require publication dates; digital sources require the access date |